Water Hardness Data for Pennsylvania
- Springs of Pennsylvania
-
- (See
the CAT
record to locate this book.)
-
- Contains water hardness data
for various springs throughout Pennsylvania. See Table 3 near
the back of the book.
- The State Water Plan
-
- (See
the CAT
record to locate this book.)
-
- Contains water hardness data
for various acquifers in Pennsylvania. Locate the appropriate
subbasin and look for a table containing water hardness data.
- Engineering Characteristics
of the Rocks of Pennsylvania -
- (See
the CAT
record to locate this book.)
- Contains
descriptive information on water hardness for various rock
formations in Pennsylvania.
- Ground-water quality and
data on wells and springs in Pennsylvania -
- (See
the CAT
record to locate this book.)
- Presents
ground-water quality and physical data on about 1,250 wells
and springs in the Delaware River Basin in Pennsylvania.
Local or regional water authorities
Water companies may provide water quality information to their customers,
which may include hardness data. For example, see
Water Hardness Data for Other
States
- Water Encyclopedia
-
- (See
the CAT
record to locate this book.)
- Contains data for various
locations in each state (see Table 6-30 beginning on page
449) and definitions and conversion factors for water hardness.
Ground Water Atlas of the United States
This set contains data on the regional aquifers of the United States. Hardness is usually reported in a graphic in the section on the water quality of each aquifer, however, it is not reported in all cases.
NWIS Web Water Data for the Nation
This web site features hardness data for some aquifers but has a challenging interface. Select "Water Quality" under Data Category. Choose the Samples dataset. Keep moving through the retrieval options until you are able to select a particular station or aquifer.
Other Resources
- Encyclopedia of Water
- (See
the CAT
record to locate this book.)
-
- Contains an entry on hard
water with a definition and a discussion of causes, softening,
etc. on pages 147-149.
-
Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
- (See
the CAT
record to locate this book.)
-
- Contains a definition of hardness
on page 427.
- Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Waste Water
- (See
the CAT
record to locate this book.)
-
- Contains a description of
hardness, hardness test methods, and a bibliography of resources.
- Methods for Determination
of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments
- (Electronic version-See section 8 in this pdf.)
(See
the CAT
record to locate this book.)
-
- Contains information about
various analytical techniques for measuring inorganic substances
(including magnesium and calcium) in water.
- McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia
of Science and Technology (2002 ed.)
- (See
the CAT
record to locate this book.)
Also available online as Access
Science.
-
- See chapter on Water Softening.
Volume 19, pp.412-414, of the 2002 edition covers water hardness
and has an explanation of water softening.
- Drinking Water: Hard Water
-
- Information about hard water from the Nebraska Cooperative Extension.
- Household Water Quality - Water Hardness
-
- Information about hard water from the Virgina Cooperative Extension, including a rating chart for soft-hard water.
-
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