Fixed Fields

Cataloging and Metadata Services

Bibliographic Processing Cataloging Rules

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Fixed Fields

Lang
Date_Tp
Date1, Date2
1. Reprints
  1. Reprint Conditions
  2. Conflicting Conditions
  3. Not Reprint Conditions
2. Sets

I. Lang (Language Code)

The language code is a three-character alphabetic code which identifies the language of the item described in the record.

See the USMARC Code List for Languages.

Base the language code on the TEXT of the item:
One language involved	Give the language code for that language
Two to six languages involved	Give the language code for the predominate language. When no one language is predominate, give the language code of the language that comes first.
Seven or more languages involved	Give the language code mul, which means multiple languages when seven or more languages are involved and no one language is predominate.
Translations	Give the language code for the language of the translation NOT the language of the original.
Unknown language	When you cannot determine the language of an item, use und, which means undetermined.

II. Dat_Tp (Type of Date)

DAT TYP contains a one-character code that indicates the type of publication date(s) available. The following Dat TYP codes are used for books:

Date Types
Dat_Tp	Description
s	Single date: Date of publication consists of a single known or probable date that can be represented by four digits. (e.g., [1987 or, [1981?] or, [199-])
t	Publication and Copyright dates given: Two dates are given, actual publication date and copyright date.
m	Initial and Terminal dates given: The date of publication consists of a multiple date, with initial and terminal dates known, or with terminal date not yet known.
r	Republication dates: The work has been previously published; reprint/reissue date and original date.
n	Unknown date: Date(s) of publication not known, no dates given in imprint area.
q	Questionable date: The date of publication is in question. An uncertain date is given that implies a range of time (between 1965 and 1969).
e	Detailed date: (year, month, or year, month, day). Accept copy as found.
[u]	[Date not supplied: Pre-AACR2 cataloging rule]

***If more than one code applies, use the following chart to determine precedence (top over bottom).***
Single items or multipart items complete in 1 year	Multipart items complete in more than one year
r Reprint/original date e Detailed date s Single date t Pub. and Copyright date q Range of dates n Unknown date	r Reprint/original date m Range of dates - multipt. item t Pub. and Copyright dates n Unknown date

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III. Date1, Date2 (Dates)

DT1 and DT2 are fixed field elements which indicate the date of publication, revision, republication, etc.

Input DT1 and DT2 based on the TYP code. Use the table below to determine DT1 and DT2 for each situation.

Date 1 and 2 Examples
Situation	TYP	DT1	DT2
Single date in 260	s	pub. date	[blank]
2 dates in 260 \|c, 2nd date is copyright date ex: 1989, c1988	t	pub. date	© date
2 dates in 260\|c, 2nd date NOT copyright date ex: 1989 [i.e. 1990]	s	i.e. date	[blank]
No date (MLP Only)	n	uuuu	uuuu
Uncertain date, decade certain ex: [197-]	s	uncertain date (e.g., 197u)	[blank]
Uncertain date, century certain ex: [19--]	s	uncertain date (e.g., 19uu)	[blank]
One year or another ex: [1971 or 1972]	s	1st date	[blank]
Non Gregorian date only (MLP) ex: 4308	n	[blank]	[blank]
Non Gregorian date with calculated date ex: 4308 [1975]	s	calculated date	[blank]

A. Reprints

Date type code r is used for a work that has had a previous published existence but not for a work that has changed enough to be published as a new edition. When code r is used, the reproduction date is entered in DT1 and the original date in DT2. If either the reproduction date or the original date are multiple dates, enter the earliest date.

1. Reprint Conditions

A "reprint" statement:
"Reprint of the 1929 ed."
"A reproduction in reduced size of the 1875 ed."
"Facsimile of the 1644 ed."
"Unabridged republication"
Series statement containing the word reprint:
"Essay and general literature index reprint series"
"Reprints of economic classics"
"AMA reprint series"
Reprint in the publisher's name:
The word reprint in the publisher's name is a clue that the work might be a reprint. However, some publishers whose names include the word reprint also publish original works. Therefore, the publisher's name alone is not sufficient evidence to identify a reprint.

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2. Conflicting Conditions

When conflicting conditions exist, use the following guidelines to determine whether to use code r.

If a work qualifies as a reprint, but new material (introduction, preface, foreword, etc.) has been added, consider the work a reprint.
"Reprint of the 1896 ed. with a new introduction and bibliography."
"Reprint of the 1896 ed. with a new preface."
If a work qualifies as a reprint and slight changes have been made, treat the work as a reprint.
"Unabridged and corrected reprint of the third (1941) edition."

When you are not sure if the changes are slight or not, follow copy, or do not consider as a republication without further information. If it is clear that more than slight changes have been made, see the section below on items not qualifying as reprints.
A work reproduced from two or more works is treated as a reprint.
"This edition is a reprint of Crotchets and quavers, originally published in 1855, and Sharps and flats, originally published in 1890"
"Articles reprinted from the Arbitration awards section of Union labor report"
When evidence of a reprint exists, treat the item as a reprint regardless of an edition statement

Edition statement: 2nd ed., rev. and enl.

Item also has note:
Reprint of the 1917 ed. or Reprint of the 2nd ed., 1933
Paperback edition statement with no further evidence of change.
"1st paperback edition"
When an edition statement refers to the fact that the item has appeared in another country, treat it as a reprint unless it is a translation.
1st American ed.
When a note indicates that an item first appeared under a different title, treat the item as a reprint unless there is evidence that it is a translation.
First published in Great Britain as Gaza first.
1926 ed. published under title ...
When both a new edition statement and a note referring to previous editions having a different title, do not treat the item as a reprint.

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3. Not Reprint Conditions

The following conditions DO NOT represent reprints or republications:

Evidence that more than slight changes have been made.
"Based upon the original edition ..."
"A revision of French grammar, first published in 1901"
"Originally appeared in condensed version in Holiday, 1968"

Statement of a new edition without other evidence of republication.

Examples
Reprint?	Statement
r	This 2nd ed. is an unabridged republication of .....
not r	This Dover edition (the 13th of the work), first published in 1987, is a corrected republication of the 12th edition as published by University of Toronto Press.
not r	Third edition 1994

Translations.
"Translation of ..."
Preprints or Pre-publications are not treated as reprints, but offprints are.

Examples:

Reproduction Situation TYP DT1 DT2

Micro reproduction of original paper copy s date of original [blank]

UMI reproductions of unpublished thesis s date of original [blank]

Photocopy reproduction of original paper copy s date of original [blank]

Previously published work = paper-paper
Reproduction date and original date known. r reproduction date date of original

Previously published work = paper-paper
Original date unknown. r reproduction date uuuu

Previously published work = paper-paper
Reproduction date unknown. r uuuu date of original

Examples:
Reproduction Situation	TYP	DT1	DT2
Micro reproduction of original paper copy	s	date of original	[blank]
UMI reproductions of unpublished thesis	s	date of original	[blank]
Photocopy reproduction of original paper copy	s	date of original	[blank]
Previously published work = paper-paper Reproduction date and original date known.	r	reproduction date	date of original
Previously published work = paper-paper Original date unknown.	r	reproduction date	uuuu
Previously published work = paper-paper Reproduction date unknown.	r	uuuu	date of original

B. Sets

Set examples

Situation TYP DT1 DT2

Open set, single date m 1st date uuuu

Open set with 2 dates, second date is copyright date.
ex: 1989, c1990- m pub. date uuuu

Open set with 2 dates, second date NOT copyright date.
ex: 1989 [i.e. 1990]- m i.e. date uuuu

Closed set, different single dates m 1st date 2nd date

Closed set with multiple dates for different vols. = copyright
ex: 1979, c1980-1981, c1982
ex: 1982, c1983-1990 m 1st pub. date 2nd pub. date

**Closed set with multiple dates = "i.e. date"
ex: 1982 [i.e. 1983]-1990 [i.e. 1991] m i.e. date i.e. date

**DT1 and DT2 should reflect inferred publication date when present, if a single date constitutes the beginning or end of the range of dates, then DT1 or DT2 should reflect the single publication date accordingly.

Set examples
Situation	TYP	DT1	DT2
Open set, single date	m	1st date	uuuu
Open set with 2 dates, second date is copyright date. ex: 1989, c1990-	m	pub. date	uuuu
Open set with 2 dates, second date NOT copyright date. ex: 1989 [i.e. 1990]-	m	i.e. date	uuuu
Closed set, different single dates	m	1st date	2nd date
Closed set with multiple dates for different vols. = copyright ex: 1979, c1980-1981, c1982 ex: 1982, c1983-1990	m	1st pub. date	2nd pub. date
**Closed set with multiple dates = "i.e. date" ex: 1982 [i.e. 1983]-1990 [i.e. 1991]	m	i.e. date	i.e. date
**DT1 and DT2 should reflect inferred publication date when present, if a single date constitutes the beginning or end of the range of dates, then DT1 or DT2 should reflect the single publication date accordingly.