Mary Fran McLaughlin
Title: Reference Librarian
John D. Vairo Library
25 Yearsley Mill Road
Media, PA 19063
610 892 1386

HIST 020 (American Civilization): historical survey of the American experience from its colonial beginnings to 1877.
Click on the tabs above to learn about the many library resources and services available to help you conduct your research. If you need additional sources or have questions, ask the Vairo Library librarians (Susan, Mary Fran, and Sara) for help -- in-person or by email.
You may also chat online with a Penn State librarian about your research needs. Don't be surprised if you are helped by Susan, Mary Fran, or Sara through chat reference, as well as in Vairo Library and by email!
The Encyclopedia of American Studies provides critical summaries of events, social/political movements, and individuals that chronicle the American experience, from pre-colonial days to the present.
Gale Virtual Reference Library includes full-text encyclopedias, almanacs, and specialized reference sources in a wide variety of subject fields. Many of these reference sources document American social history.
The CAT,online catalog, makes accessible the vast resources of the Penn State Libraries network. Limit your search by resource material type, search all Penn State libraries or a single location, and electronically request resources that are not at the Brandywine Campus (Use the I WANT IT button).
America: History & Life includes articles on all aspects of the history of the United States and Canada from prehistory to the present. Articles from national, state and local historical journals are covered, as well as historical articles in major humanities and social science journals. Also includes citations to reviews, books, and dissertations.
America's Historical Newspapers (1690-1922) includes the images and full-text content form scores of historical American newspapers.
New York Times Historical (available from 1851) (Digital Archive) includes a digitized image of every backfile issue of the New York Times from cover to cover, including news stories, editorials, photos, graphics, and advertisements.
![]()
Review your database search results, and click on
to find direct links from a database citation to the article full-text online (when available).
Click on "ARTICLE" to go directly to the article text.
- Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Service:
When GET IT! cannot link you to an article online,
Click on "Consider Interlibrary Loan" in the E-Journal Portal window to request desktop delivery of a free PDF copy.
You will be notified by email when your pdf copy is available for download from the
web site.
When you use primary and secondary sources in your research, you must give credit to the original author by properly citing the sources. Citations also help your reader find the sources again. The following links provide guidelines to using a variety of citation styles.
Quick Style Guides
Use these quick guides for examples of how to cite common types of sources in APA, MLA, CSE, Chicago styles, Basic Legal Citation.
APA Style Quick Citation Guide
MLA Style Quick Citation Guide
Chicago Style Quick Citation Guide
Comprehensive Style Guides
These guides provide detailed information on formatting papers and citing sources.