Skip to content
Penn State Worthington Scranton

Library Information Literacy Tutorial

Reference Sources


A reference source is something you REFER to (hence the name), or consult, for short pieces of information or a brief overview of a topic

  • They provide statistics, facts, and figures in an easy to find format.

  • They can be in print or online, or both.

  • Print reference sources contain an index at the back of the book to lead you to the specific information you want. This is the print version of a search engine, but much more efficient and targeted. Always start with the index.

  • They can be general, like the Encyclopedia Britannica, or subject specific, like the Digest of Education Statistics or the Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll.

  • They are generally the most objective information source, since they are designed to provide information, not persuasion or analysis.

  • Print reference sources are located by call number throughout the library and cannot be checked out. You can photocopy the pages you need from them.