Critical Thinking Exercises by Academic Discipline

 

 

Biology

Business

Chemistry

Engineering

English

General Sources

HDFS

History

Kinesiology

Marketing

Mathematics

Nursing

Physics

Psychology

Science

Sociology

 

 

 

 

Biology

 

·        Biology Case Studies in Multiple-choice Questions by Peter Ommundsen, Selkirk College, Canada (1999) Last updated June 2004.

Available at: http://www.saltspring.com/capewest/mc.htm

 This site gives examples of how Peter has incorporated case studies into the actual wording of Multiple Choice Questions for assessment of his biology students.           

 

·        Critical Thinking in Biology: Case Problems: A Guide for Instructors. by Peter Ommundsen, Selkirk College, Canada (1999) Last updated June 2004. 

Available at: http://www.saltspring.com/capewest/ct.htm 

“This site demonstrates how case problems can inspire students in an introductory college biology course.”  Some of the cases include: reproductive health, treatment of stroke, brain and behavior, and evolutionary biology.  It also provides a bibliography and currently featured links in biology.

 

·        Problem-Based Learning in Biology: with 20 Case Examples, by Peter Ommundsen,

Available at:  http://www.saltspring.com/capewest/pbl.htm

This resource lays out the instructional method for the instructor and the students.  He also provides 20 cases problems to get you started. 

 

·        Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in Biology. By Robert Day Allen, & David J. Stroup, Reston, Va. : National Association of Biology Teachers, 1993

Available for ordering from other PSU Campuses through THE CAT

 

 

 

Business

 

 

§         Case Studies Resource Guide, by Gary White at Penn State William & Joan Schreyer Business Library

Available at: http://www.libraries.psu.edu/business/casestudies.htm 

This site is a treasure trove of links to business case study publishers.  It points to the Harvard Business School Publishing, CaseNet, and the Standford Business School for American business case studies and points to other international institutions, such as European Case Clearing House, the European Institute of Business Administration, and publishers from Australia and Canada.  This site also gives you instructions on how to locate specific case studies that fit your course.

 

·        Darden Case Collection: by Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia.

Available at: http://www.darden.edu/case/collection/

The Darden case collection includes over 1000 cases. Abstracts are available and the collection can be searched by keyword. Cases can be ordered directly online.  All of these cases are available for a nominal fee of $3.29 a piece.

 

·        European Case Clearing House: by Cranfield University in the U.K.

Available at: http://www.ecch.cranfield.ac.uk/ 

The clearinghouse maintains and distributes business cases developed by the Cranfield School of Management and the London Business School, as well as the business schools at Harvard, University of Western Ontario, and University of Virginia. The Web site provides telnet access to the COLIS abstract database, which can be searched by subject area.  Description from Other Case Studies on the World Wide Web at the State University of New York at Buffalo at: http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/webcase.htm#biz  

 

·           Harvard Business Online for Educators, by Harvard Business School Publishing.

Available at: http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu/educators

This site will allow you to match Harvard Business School created case decisions with the textbook you might be using for your class.  Searching this site will save you much time locating the most relevant case studies for the chapter you are covering.  There is a fee of $6.50 per case to download and use the full text cases.

 

·        Stanford Graduate School of Business Case List:

Available at: http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/research/cases/

This site provides many links to Stanford created cases but also many created by the Harvard Business School.

 

§         “Teaching Critical Thinking Skills for the 21st Century: An Advertising Principles Case Study”,  By: Kevin Celuch &  Mark Slama, Journal of Education for Business, Jan/Feb. 1999, v. 74 Issue 3, p134

Available on Professional Development Collection Database at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=1621876&db=tfh

Describes how a critical-thinking-skills approach can be used to teach any business course. Definition of critical thinking; How to use critical thinking in teaching business; Critical teaching approach to advertising principles; Conclusions.  Description from the Professional Development Collection Database.

 

§         “Teaching Dynamic Processes in Finance: How Can We Prepare Students for an Age of Rapid and Continual Change?”, By: Hakan Saraoglu, Elizabeth Yobaccio, David. Louton, Financial Practice & Education, Fall/Winter, 2000, v. 10 Issue 2, p231

Available on Professional Development Collection Database at http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=5290213&db=tfh

Preparing students to function in a business environment characterized by rapid and continual change requires the nurturing of proactive and critical thinking skills, and a deeper understanding of the relationships between key business variables. Bringing this perspective into the classroom means allowing students to experience the evolution of a given system as time progresses and inputs affecting the system change. We contend that these objectives can be achieved best by involving students in hands-on and interactive exercises that can potentially accelerate the development of mature business skills and intuition. In this paper we explore system dynamics modeling, and present two examples to demonstrate its power and appropriateness as a pedagogical tool that facilitates the teaching of dynamic processes in finance.  [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

 

§         “Teaching Intermediate Financial Accounting Using a Business Activity Model”, By: Anthony H. Catanach Jr; David B. Croll,; Robert L. Grinaker, Issues in Accounting Education, Nov. 2000, v. 15, Issue 4, p583

Available on Professional Development Collection Database at http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=3854152&db=tfh

This paper describes a creative approach to the instruction of intermediate financial accounting that relies primarily on a business activity model (BAM). Initially funded by an Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC) grant, this curriculum revision is designed to (1) motivate students for their chosen profession, (2) promote their technical competency, and (3) develop in them an expanded set of educational objectives including critical-thinking, communication, and research skills. The BAM emphasizes financial disclosure and technical research as well as those topics commonly found in "traditional" intermediate accounting courses. Working in professional service teams, students mimic the accounting and financial-reporting processes found in the "real world" by conducting analytical reviews, soliciting information from clients, preparing adjusting and correcting entries, and drafting financial statements and notes for a fictitious client company.  [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

 

Chemistry

 

·        “Can Critical-Mindedness Be Taught?”  By M. S. Byrne, and A. H. Johnstone,   Journal of Chemical Education, 24(3), 75-77, 1987.

In this paper the authors report that, the use of short (1-2 hour), interactive, learning units, designed to compliment existing teaching approaches and largely independent of lecturer involvement, led to a greater and more effective use of critical skills. Moreover, understanding is developed through the consideration of evidence, discussion and collaborative decision making rather than through being ``told the answers'', and as a consequence material, perceived to be difficult or lacking interest, was more readily assimilated.  Description from Critical Thinking by David Palmer at http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/ltsnpsc/AB/AB.pdf p. 40

Order article through ILLIAD

 

·        “Consumer Chemistry: Critical Thinking at the Concrete Level”, by G. M. Bodner, Journal of Chemical Education, 65(3), 212-213, 1988.

“Here the author notes that, often, students ``cannot apply their knowledge outside the narrow domain in which it was learnt. They ``know'' without understanding''. In this article Bodner advocates the creation of a new, non-mathematical, chemistry course which would enable students to make educated decisions on issues of science and technology, understand how chemistry affects their daily lives and foster the development of critical thinking skills. Here, instead of having to perform the standard chemical calculations found in textbooks, students would be encouraged to ask, and answer, the ``how do we know...?'' and ``why do we believe...?'' type questions.”  Description from Critical Thinking by David Palmer at http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/ltsnpsc/AB/AB.pdf p. 40

Order article through ILLIAD

 

·        Creative Problem Solving in Chemistry. By Wood C. and Sleet R., London: Royal Society of Chemistry., 1993.

”This book is designed to foster good problem solving skills in students working in group situations. The skills that it claims to foster include data seeking and selection, choice of method, balance of criteria, awareness of error, discussion and presentation, and is aimed at 16 to 18 year olds.” Description from Critical Thinking by David Palmer at http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/ltsnpsc/AB/AB.pdf p. 36

Available for interlibrary-loan through WorldCat

 

·        “Critical Thinking in General Chemistry”. by Kogut, Journal of Chemical Education, 73(3), 218-221, 1996

“Discusses critical thinking assessment exercises and strategies to improve critical thinking. His strategies to encourage critical thinking skills are: Ask questions frequently and direct them to individual students. These questions should be why and how in nature not simply yes or no type questions.  Use examples and illustrations that challenge dualistic thinking and reinforce the notion that science does not have many absolutely correct answers.  Promote discussion among students by using in-class group assignments and encourage out-of-class study groups.  Effective use of feedback encourages critical thinking.” Description from Critical Thinking by David Palmer at http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/ltsnpsc/AB/AB.pdf p. 39

Order article through ILLIAD

 

·        “Designing New Undergraduate Experiments”, By Yang, M. J. and Aitkinson, G. F,  Journal of Chemical Education, 75(7), 863-865, 1998.

”This paper offers general questions and checklists, based on experience and observation, to aid new instructors in the development of new undergraduate experiments.”  Description from Critical Thinking by Davide Palmer at http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/ltsnpsc/AB/AB.pdf  p. 25

Order article through ILLIAD

 

·        A Question of Chemistry: Creative Problems for Critical Thinkers. by Garret, J., Overton, T. and Threlfall, T.,  Longman, 1999.

“The exercises in this book are designed to encourage students to think critically and creatively. These exercises are designed to develop a students ability to critically evaluate a chain of reasoning, construct logical arguments, read critically, and gain experience answering questions which have no ``right answer''. In addition there is a section which is designed to provide students with experience in finding information in primary literature.”  Description from Critical Thinking by David Palmer at http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/ltsnpsc/AB/AB.pdf p. 41

Available for interlibrary-loan through PALCI

 

·        “Research on Problem solving: Chemistry”. By Gabel, D. L and Bruce, D. M.,  In: D. L. Gabel (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Science Teaching and Learning: A Project of the National Science Teachers Association. New York: Macmillan, 1994.

”Following 12 years of research, into the chemistry problem solving ability of students, these authors proposed that success in problem solving appears to be influenced by three factors:

 

·        The nature of the problem and the underlying concepts upon which the problem is based: including the problem style and conceptual understanding.

·        Learning characteristics: including an individual's cognitive style, developmental level and knowledge base.

·        Learning environmental factors: including problem solving strategies/methods, and individual or group activity.”  Description from Critical Thinking by David Palmer at http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/ltsnpsc/AB/AB.pdf p. 32

·        Available for ordering from other PSU Campuses through THE CAT

 

·        “The Solving of Problems in Chemistry: The More Open-Ended Problems”, By Reid, N. and Yang, M.,. Research in Science and Technological Education, 20(1), 83-98, 2002.

Available on Metapress at: http://www.metapress.com/link.asp?id=l30yxfdycv4gf4ne
Provides an overview of research into problem solving with some 70 references to the literature.  Description from Critical Thinking by David Palmer at http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/ltsnpsc/AB/AB.pdf p. 31

 

·        “Teaching Introductory Chemistry: A problem-Solving and Collaborative-Learning approach”, By Browne, L. M. and Blackburn, E. V., Journal of Chemical Education, 76(8), 1104-1107, 1999.

”This paper describes the development of a problem based introductory university organic chemistry course, centered in the laboratory.”  Description from Critical Thinking by David Palmer at http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/ltsnpsc/AB/AB.pdf p.26

Order article through ILLIAD

 

Engineering

 

·        Brain Ticklers from THE BENT of Tau Beta Pi, by Tau Beta Pi the Engineering Honor Society. 

Available at: http://www.tbp.org/pages/publications/BTs.cfm

On a quarterly basis the Engineering honor Society publishes a new engineering problem to solve.  It has brain ticklers dating back to the Fall of 2000. 

 

·        Dartmouth Project for Teaching Engineering Problem Solving, by Dr. Carol B. Muller, Dartmouth University,

Available at: http://thayer.dartmouth.edu/~teps/default_index.html

This page provides a problem solving methodology that brings problems from the “real world” into the engineering classroom.  It also shows students a highly structured problem cycle that they can use to solve problems throughout their career. 

 

·        “The EPICS model in engineering education: Perspectives on problem-solving abilities needed for success beyond schools”, By Lesh, Richard (Ed); Doerr, Helen M. (Ed).  In Beyond constructivism: Models and modeling perspectives on mathematics problem solving, learning, and teaching. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 2003. (pp. 223-239).

Discusses how engineering students learn to apply their technical knowledge to real problems with social significance through an innovative undergraduate curriculum. The authors describe how engineering education has changed to meet new workplace demands. Technical skills in mathematics and science are still the bedrock for engineers, but the so-called "soft" skills of teamwork, communication, and collaboration are also required for success in today's global economy. A program is discussed that meets this demand through a curriculum that utilizes modeling eliciting activities to teach the mathematically oriented design skills through a community based, experiential learning program called EPICS (Engineering Projects in Community Service). Abstract from the PsychInfo Database at: http://www.lias.psu.edu/scripts/linklias.exe?Where=Go+There&What=PSYCART

Available for ordering from other PSU Campuses through THE CAT

 

ENGLISH

 

·        “Philosophy as literacy: Teaching college students to read critically and write cogently”, by Michael J. Carella, College Composition and Communication, 1983, v. 34, no. 1. 57-61. 

Available on JSTOR at: http://www.lias.psu.edu/scripts/linklias.exe?where=Go+There&what=JSTOR

This article teaches you how to teach English students how to write by following a scientific methodology.  Identifying the theme, the premises and the conclusions and then analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the author’s arguments.

 

General Sources

 

·        An Annotated Bibliography of Research into the Teaching and Learning of The Physical Sciences at the Higher Education Level, by David Palmer, Norma Reid, Editor. Glasgow, Scotland: Center for Science Education, November 6, 2002. 

Available at: http://www.physsci.heacademy.ac.uk/Resources/AnnotatedBibliography/AnnotatedBibliographyFull.pdf

Mr. Palmer has accumulated a vast array of articles on teaching the physical sciences.  He includes works on: lecturing, assessment, laboratory work, problem solving, critical thinking, field dependency, concept maps and mind maps, attitudes, learning theories, etc.

 

·         Case Method of Teaching Science, by Clyde F. Herreid & Nancy A. Schiller of the University at Buffalo, State University of New York

Available at: http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/teaching/teaching.html

This site provides a brief recent history of the development of the Case Method.  It provides links to videotapes and articles written by Clyde Freeman Harreid on the use of case studies in the science classroom.  It also provides links to other case method and problem-based learning articles, bibliographies and book reviews. 

 

·        National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science, by Clyde F. Herreid & Nancy A. Schiller of the University at Buffalo, State University of New York

Available at: http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/case.html

This website provides a plethora of information on case studies in the sciences.  It provides information on the case method of teaching.  It also has a significant case study collection as well as case ideas and other websites to obtain case studies. 

 

·        “Problem-Based Learning in Undergraduate Education”, By Ram, P., Journal of Chemical Education, 76(8), 1122-1126, 1999.

”Gives a brief introduction to Problem-Based learning (PBL) and then presents ``The Water We Drink'' an example of problem based learning successfully incorporated into a Second year university chemistry course. The authors found that when students are presented with ``an authentic problem that is challenging and real, they will be motivated to learn and to enjoy the learning process immensely''.  Description from Critical Thinking by David palmer at http://dbweb.liv.ac.uk/ltsnpsc/AB/AB.pdf p. 30

Order article through ILLIAD                                                                                   

 

HDFS

 

·        “An interactive problem-solving approach to the teaching of a marriage and family course”, by Louis E Gardner, Teaching of Psychology 1991 Feb; Vol 18(1): 30-32

Available at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=6381496&db=tfh

Describes a method for promoting student interest and involvement in a marriage and family course. The method supplements lectures with problem-solving sessions for small groups. The instructor uses session outcomes to encourage critical evaluation by the entire class. Students' positive reactions to the course emphasize the complementarity of a traditional scholarly approach and interactive personal involvement. Abstract from the PsychInfo Database at: http://www.lias.psu.edu/scripts/linklias.exe?Where=Go+There&What=PSYCART

 

 

HISTORY

 

§         “Analyzing Anne Frank: A case study in the teaching of thinking skills”, by Peter Fisher, Teaching History May, 1999, Issue 95, p24 Available on ProQuest at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=08-11-2009&FMT=4&DID=43597811&RQT=309&clientId=9893

Relates the success of the `Thinking Skills' approach in the teaching of history, a technique widely practiced by schools located in Newcastle, England. Outline of the `Thinking Skills' approach; Methodologies; Future trends in `Critical Thinking' programs in schools. INSET: The learning activities.

 

§         “The Idea of History Teaching: Using Collingwood's Idea of History to Promote Critical Thinking in the High School History Classroom”, by Anthony E. Pattiz, History Teacher, Feb. 2004, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p239

Available on Professional Development Collection Database at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=12555820&db=tfh

“Proposes the use of R.G. Collingwood's book "The Idea of History" to promote critical thinking in the high school history classroom. Examination into the state of historical education in the U.S.; Examination of Collingwood's idea of history as re-enactment of past experience; Connection between dialogue and learning.”  Description from The Professional Development Collection Database.  

 

§     “Improving Critical Thinking Skills in the United States Survey Course: An Activity for Teaching the Vietnam War”, by Warren Wilson, David M. Memory, Kevin Bolinger. History Teacher, Feb2004, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p. 193. 

Available on Professional Development Collection Database at: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=12555794&db=tfh