Comparing Media : Political/Social/Economic Frameworks
A Country's Press/Media | Specific Country Information (Political/Social/Economic)
Where to Find International News Sources | Where to Find U.S. News Sources
Books on a Country's Mass Media | Videos on a Country's Mass Media
Scholarly Journals/Research Databases | Company/Industry Information Resources
Citing Information | Researching International Mass Communications Topics (PowerPoint: 2,301KB)
This guide is recommended for use by students in the following courses:
- COMM 410
- COMM 419
- COMM 419H
- COMM 510
For additional help with any of these resources or to schedule an appointment, please contact: Debora Cheney, Foster Communications Librarian and Head, News & Microforms Library, 814-863-1345 or stop by the News & Microforms Library Reference Desk, Ground Floor Pattee Library or the Social Sciences Library Reference Desk, Second Floor Paterno Library, 814-865-4861.
A Country's Press/Media
World Media Systems provides a variety of sources on media and press related to specific countries. Included in the guide are web sites, print sources available in the University Libraries, and news databases provided by the University Libraries. Although all sources are organized by country, the sources in the first section focus primarily on the media and media systems within the country, while the second section focuses on the country and its political, economic, and social structure. Together, these sections will allow you to apply the basic theories of media systems to your specific country and the media you have chosen.
Other sources you may find useful include:
- Yearbook (European Audiovisual Observatory)
A comprehensive series (5 volumes) featuring a wealth of information on:- The economy of the radio and TV industry in Europe (volume 1)
- Household AV equipment, television audience, and transmission statisctics (volume 2)
- Film and home video statistics (volume 3)
- Multimedia and new technologies (volume 4)
- Television channels, production, and distribution (volume 5)
- Handbook of the Media in Asia
- Background reading on how the media sector operates within the political, legal, and financial frameworks of Asian countries
- Information on industry structure, mass media penetration, and ownership
- Includes statistics on key industry indicators including ad revenue and circulation
- OECD Communications Outlook
- Chapter on broadcasting services
- Statistics on trends in media usage, convergence, digital television, etc.
- Examines major changes and future trends in the telecommunications industry
- Explores developments in Internet, broadcasting, and cable television
Note: For recent comparable data on the performance of the communications sector in OECD countries and their policy frameworks, see OECD's Country Reports and Tables.
Specific Country Information (Political/Social/Economic)
Specific Country Information (Political, Social, Economic) provides both online and hard copy resources that cover how media is affected within the parameters of political, economic, and social conditions of countries worldwide.
Where to Find International News Sources
Where to Find International News Sources provides links to a number of different newspapers from many countries.
Where to Find U.S. News Sources
The databases listed here contain current and archived articles (and pictures) from U.S. and international newspapers. Use NewsCAT to search for a particular newspaper title. This will direct you to the correct database. (Note: most online newspaper coverage only goes back to the late 1980s.) See Newspaper Database Features page for more information about these databases.
- ProQuest National Newspapers
- Full-text articles from 29 major market U.S. newspapers including The New York Times, Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, and others
- Current daily news and archived articles primarily from late 1980s to the present
- Lexis Nexis Academic
- News coverage from U.S. and international publications
- Search topic to find stories, op ed articles and more from (English-language) newspapers around the globe
- Useful tool to compare how news events are covered by different media outlets
- America's Newspapers (Newsbank Full-Text Newspapers)
- Full-text articles from U.S. national and regional newspapers, as well as a few international titles
- Good source for regional and local newspapers, including The Philadelphia Inquirer and The Centre Daily Times
- Newspaper Photos (AccuNet/AP Photo Archive)
- Useful source of visual images from major news events from the past several decades
- About 800 state, regional and international photographs are added daily to the archives, from which the best 200 are retained every year in this database
- Printing copies for educational and research use is permitted
- New York Times Historical (available from 1851. Latest 3 years not available) Digital Archive
- Full page and article digital images with searchable text back to the first issue
- Coverage: September 18, 1851 - December 31, 2003
Note: At the News and Microforms Library, Ground Floor, West Pattee, you can read daily U.S. and international newspapers and news magazines. You can also search archived stories on microfilm. NewsCAT provides information on which newspapers the library has on microfilm.
Books on a Country's Mass Media
Try searching the CAT by using the term "mass media" and the name of a country, for example, "Brazil". This will yield a number of books that explain the mass media of the country in which you're researching.
Videos on a Country's Mass Media
Divided by language : India's newspapers
"Divided by Language reports on the newspaper in India and examines its role in India's democracy and multicultural, multilingual society. [...] The film also details a unique feature of India's press: newspapers published in the country's many languages are attentive to local and regional issues and concerns while English language papers cater to a pan-Indian, national readership." [National Film Netowrk]
Brazil Revealed
"Discover Brazil through the eyes of its people and explore the surrounding beaches, jungles and landscaping mountains that make this land so vibrant. Witness the roles that history, geography, culture, religion and the natural environment have played in shaping one of the most fascinating countries in the world. From a government worker who dreams of performing the samba at Carnaval, to a young man whose life is capoeira, to a river trader whose livelihood depends on the Amazon, and a maid determined to win the biggest amateur soccer tournament in the world, meet some of the individuals who personify the energy and intensity of this tropical South American paradise. Using the latest HD camera technology coupled with movie-caliber cinematography and effects, hear the stories of several Brazilians whose lives sum up the essence of Brazil and epitomize its people's natural habit of "seizing the moment." [Discovery Channel Canada]
Scholarly Journals Databases
A. Scholarly Journals/Research Databases:
- ABI/Inform (ProQuest) (Business focus)
- Database of scholarly journals, trade magazines, and other periodicals and business news sources, primarily U.S.-focused
- Good source for current business news and analysis of media companies and industry trends from trade publications
- Search for entities ("MTV Asia") or topics ("media ethics")
- Full-text articles
- Communication & Mass Media Complete (Communications focus)
- Comprehensive resource of scholarly journals and other periodicals related to communications and mass media, most containing full-text articles
- Communication Abstracts (Communications focus)
- Good source for information on communications issues on a world-wide scale from a variety of publishers, research institutions, and information sources
- Directs users to the location of full-text articles, or prompts "Get It" for articles that may be obtained via Interlibrary Loan (ILLiad)
- HAPI (Hispanic American Periodicals Index (Hispanic/Latin American focus)
- Contains complete bibliographic citations to articles, book reviews, documents, and other materials from more than 500 journals about Central and South America, Mexico, The Caribbean, the United States-Mexico border region, and Hispanics in the United States
- ProQuest Research Library (Cross-disciplinary focus)
- Database of U.S. and international periodicals covering a broad range of subjects, including communications
- Current and archived full-text articles available
- Worldwide Political Science Abstracts (Political focus)
- Articles on news media, press freedom, media controls, etc. in political and scholarly journals
B. Other Research Sources:
- CIAO (Columbia International Affairs Online)
- Useful source for research in international affairs
- Includes working papers from university research institutes, occasional papers series from non-governmental organizations, foundation-funded research projects, proceedings from conferences, books, journals, and policy briefs
- For example, key in a search term like "press censorship" for a list of full-text sources on that topic
- International Telecommunications Union
- Identifies trends in telecommunications worldwide
- Conducts country case studies and publishes reports on telecommunications and Internet policy, background information, analysis and description of models or strategies employed by a country
- Downloadable PDF files
- Some reports are owned by the Penn State University Libraries. Search the CAT for more information
- SourceOECD
- Full-text book and serial publications from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- Includes many of the data sets available from the OECD
- Includes reports such as Telecoms Infrastructure to 2030.
- United Nations : Economic and Social Development
- Full-text reports available on selected communications topics
- Go to "Index to Programs", click on "mass media" or "telecommunications" to find reports produced by many U.N. organizations
- World Bank e-Library
- Full-text PDF versions of 1,200 World Bank books from 1984 to the present
- Includes many titles on communications, some focusing on country-specific topics, others on regional and global issues
- Disable pop-up blocker to read e-books
- World Summit on the Information Society
- Profiles of information technology in countries of the Middle East
- Reports contain information on television, internet, PC penetration, legal and regulatory frameworks
Company/Industry Information Resources
- STAT-USA/Internet
- Service provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce for the business, economic, and trade community
- Searchable database is a valuable source for articles on communications industry-related developments around the world
- Standard & Poor's NetAdvantage
- Includes surveys of Asian broadcasting, cable, and publishing industries and surveys of European publishing industry
- Good source for media statistics, information on key regional players in the media industry, and advertising spending by country (including projections and analysis)
- Up-to-date information
- Also a valuable source for company news and data
- U.S. Commercial Service (market research library)
- Government source for market research
- Search articles by industry
- Wide range of communications-related articles on global markets
- Create a username and password to gain access to articles
- Yearbook of Asia-Pacific Telecommunications
- Insight into the region and its players
- commentary on the regulatory and political developments affecting the communications industry as a whole in 15 Asia-Pacific countries
- Provides detailed profiles covering 15 countries and 26 companies
Citing Information
Citing Information will assist you in correctly documenting the resources you use. When using resources, it is always extremely important to cite the source of the information. Because information can come from so many different kinds of sources, sometimes citing a source correctly can be confusing or frustrating. The easiest way to correctly cite a source you have used is to follow specific formatting and citation guides that show you exactly how to format titles, dates, and other information generally included in citations.

(e-reference)