The Jack Rabin Collection on Alabama Civil Rights and Southern Activists

 

Series I: Alabama Civil Rights Movement

 

Sub-series 1: Johnnie Carr and the Montgomery Improvement Association

 

Appendix I.1B: Transcript of Audiotape 6, Program 2

 

 

 

 

Location:          Mt. Zion AME Zion Church, Montgomery, Alabama

 

Speakers:         Solomon Seay, Sr., and Ralph Abernathy

 

Date:                December 5, 1963

 

Repository:       University Libraries, The Pennsylvania State University, Special

Collections Department, Historical Collections and Labor Archives

 

Transcriber:      Barry Kernfeld

 

Item number:    Audiotape 6, program 2

 

 

[The church organist plays during the first two minutes of this recording, as Solomon Seay’s offers a welcoming prayer for Ralph Abernathy, and many of Seay’s words are difficult to distinguish. The organ playing ends, and Seay then introduces Abernathy.]

 

Seay: Amen. In all this talk that I’ve done, I’m sure that it will be necessary that we sing something, but before we sing it, let me give my introductory remarks. [ ? ? ] begin this by saying, the man who’s going to speak to us this evening has [ ? ? ] long before he became a colleague in a common cause [? ?] civil rights, and before he was a preacher, before he was a pastor at [ ? ? ], [ ? ? ] he was a student at [ ? ? ], he was working over there at the time, I knew him and had great admiration for him. I’ve watched him, and I’ve rubbed elbows with him. There are times when he has impressed me when he sought the least of an impression. Last time we met in Atlanta, he took a position that I can never forget. I cannot tell you what that position was, but I felt then as I feel now, that the position he took was one of wisdom. The same old [ ? ? ] and every white man [ ?  ? ], and you know [?] always did talk like [? ?], but that did not—never has detracted from the sincerity of what he had to say. Different from me. When I get sincere, my voice gets hard and high and mighty. I can’t help it. Got to bear down and don’t apologize for it. But he can soft talk in—in deep sincerity. When I listen to him [ ? ? ]. And all along the trail that we have crossed together, all along the trail over which he has roamed, and I have stood and watched him [?]. I have known the deep secrets of his understanding of many of the problems that we have, awareness [ ? ? ], the weight of his great concern. I don’t mean to spend the evening talking to you about [?] you know [?]. He’s doing a great job in Atlanta. He will do a great job everywhere he goes. That’s why it’s no surprise I’d like to pray for him, because he has a long road ahead of him, unless God has picked a different destiny than I think he has picked. [ ? ? ] and therefore I pray for him as I pray for myself. As he comes to us tonight, I would like to stand and make him see you, that we still love him, that we still like to call him Ralph, that we still like to know that he still loves us. I’m going to sing. Let’s sing all together. Then when I get through singing, he will stand and speak.

 

[Seay leads the congregation in the singing of a spiritual.]

 

Seay: O.k. Amen (Amen).

 

Abernathy: Thank you very kindly, President Seay, for these very kind and generous words of introduction, to Mrs. Carr, our presiding officer and vice-president, to my most worthy and distinguished successor, Dr. Larry Williams, the pastor of the best church in the world (Amen) [Laughter], and to all of my colleagues and friends of freedom and human dignity here assembled in the Mt. Zion AME Zion Church. Words are inadequate for me to express to you the joy that comes to my heart at this hour, for I want you to know that I am more than delighted to have the privilege and the opportunity to be with you in this opening service of the celebration of the eighth anniversary of the Montgomery Improvement Association.

 

The stewardess on my plane, after we had flown for 30 minutes in the air, said, some few minutes ago, that “you must now fasten your seatbelts, for we are making our descent into the airport that serves the city of Montgomery.” And I was reminded of the many times, for more than ten years, that I heard the voice of the stewardess saying those words, and I knew that I was going home (Um hmm). And somehow this evening I had the strange and peculiar feeling that I was still coming home (Yeah). And then waiting for me, as I came down the ramp, I saw people with whom I had worked across the years, people whom I know that I love and whom I know love me (Um hmm). They were waiting, and into the arms of Erna Dungee [Laughter] I threw myself [Laughter], and did not throw myself into the arms of Dr. Williams, but just shook his hand [Laughter], [?Reverend] Palmer, Mr. Butler, and all of the others, and we started out on our slow journey to the Mt. Zion African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.

 

Audience member: [inaudible]

 

Abernathy: Yes I noticed [Laughter].

 

And as we left the airport, it soon became apparent—I was wondering why we had all these [?] and officers around—it soon became apparent that they were—that they were keeping good watch over us [Murmurs]. And we remarked—made statements concerning their presence, and Mrs. Dungee thought that we ought to be extra careful in driving. We came all the way to the corner of Day Street and—and Hope, just a few yards away, and then the officer pulled us over [Laughter]. And do you know what [ ? ? ]. That officer shined his light on Mrs. Dungee’s driver’s license and took a good look a me in the back [Laughter]. And then the officer, he might [?] be confused. He wanted to know if Dr. Williams was Mr. Dungee [Laughter]. And of course he gave her a ticket, and I said this is the same old Montgomery (Yes) (Laughter and applause]. For driving 38 miles, I believe he said, in a 35-mile speed zone (Uh-huh) [Laughter], and I said, things haven’t changed (Uh-huh).

 

But once I got here and came into this building, I felt the warmth of your presence and the warmth of the hand of your leader, Dr. Seay. And I have been greatly inspired by your worship here this evening and by your presence. I could stand here all evening and talk about you, because I know everyone (Um-hmm, amen) name by name (Yes), and I know more than the name (Um-hmm). I am at home (Yes sir) in Montgomery (Amen).

 

I’m glad to see that all the white people here tonight are not law-enforcement officers (Amen), that we still have some good white friends of good will who will stand up, even in the cradle of the Confederacy [Applause].

 

Now if I have a father in the gospel ministry—I guess it would have to be by adoption, because he’s [ ? ? ], and I am—it would have to be Reverend S. S. Seay. I look upon him as my father in the gospel ministry, for as he has well said, long before I started preaching, I used to make my way from the campus of Alabama State College into the Montgomery African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, to hear his inspiring, dynamic, and fiery rhetoric. I remember the first time I heard him speak at the [?more] Hotel in a drive, a kickoff drive for the YMCA. And that night—he talked that night, talking about freedom. You know I’ve always loved freedom (Um-hmm), and I’ve always walked for my freedom. And I said I’d like to get to know him better. And it had been my privilege to walk by his side. And I want him to know that he is my president, for wherever I go I am always, God willing, a member of the First Baptist Church. Now you do your best to pastor here all that you can, but know this: I am pastor here [Laughter]. And know that Mr. [?] Williams is not always [ ? ? ] [Laughter]. Ain’t no reason to get jealous [Laughter]. All right.

 

And I will always be a member of the Montgomery Improvement Association [Applause]. My wife said her final words to me this evening from her bedside: “Be sure and give my best regards to all of the good people of First Baptist you see, all of the good people of the Montgomery Improvement Association, but especially Mrs. N[?]” [Laughter]. And I said, “Well Mrs. N[?] will not be there, because I understand that she is feeble now and ill, and [ ? ? ].” I said, [ ? ? ] (Uh-huh).

 

I want to talk briefly with you and very plainly and down-to-earth this evening. I’m going to preach at Montgomery at the First Baptist Church on the fifth Sunday, the last Sunday of the year, and that’s when I will preach. I’m not going to preach tonight. I’m just going to talk very plainly with you and with my friends. And the little subject of my talk is “Let Freedom Ring” (Yeah). “Let Freedom Ring.”

 

We gather here tonight in the birthplace of the Montgomery Improvement Association. Many of you may not realize, but I know very well, for I was a part of it, that this day, eight years ago in the late afternoon, we gathered upstairs in the pastor’s [?] and formed a new organization known as the Montgomery Improvement Association, and I had the great and noble honor of giving the organization its name (Um-hmm) [Applause].

 

So I feel that it is most significant that we gather in this church on this holy ground tonight, the place where we began (Yeah), the place where we made the first strike for freedom, and it rang out all over the city of Montgomery, the state of Alabama (Yeah), the nation, and the world (All right). I challenge you on this, your birthday, again to let freedom ring (All right).

 

We gather in one of the darkest hours in the history of our nation (Yes), in the history of our world and of our civilization (Yes). It is dark because hate, prejudice (All right), bigotry (Yes sir), and violence (Um-hmm) have now come on the scene (Yes, you’re right), and men who want fear with these strange and foolish notions and ideas are seeking to take over the reins of this government and destroy this idea and make of it a second-rate country.

 

Do you know the same violence that took the life of [?(name)], moved on and sucked the life out of [?(name)], moved on and took the life from Reverend Lee (Yeah) down in Mississippi (Yes, um-hmm), moved on and robbed Medgar Evers (Yes) of his life (Tell me) during the early and youthful years, moved on, skipped across to Birmingham, Alabama (Yes) and took the lives of six innocent children (Uh-huh), four of them as they studied the word of God in a Sunday school class (Yes) and two of them as they moved up and down the streets of Birmingham, Alabama (Yes). But keep on tracing the lines of hate and violence (Um-hmm) to Dallas, Texas (Yeah), and they brought that same hate and that same violence (Yes) that took the life (Yes. Say it all) of John Fitzgerald Kennedy.(Yes), one of the greatest presidents (Yes) of all time [Applause]. And I say to you this evening, that if you do not put a stop to that hate, to that bigotry, and to that violence (Yeah), it is going to rein in this nation until it destroys America (Yes).

 

But I want to remind you that even though our President (Oh Lord) is dead (Yes), our Savior lives. One of the greatest sights I’ve ever beheld (Um-hmm) was to see Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy, as she got off of that plane (Yes sir) behind the corpse (Oh yeah) of her young husband (Yes sir) with blood spattered (Yes. All right) on her [?] (Yes sir). And then she got out and did not pick a seat up front (No), but got in the back of the hearse (Yes sir) with the body (Yes). I said, this is a woman (Yes) that is loyal and dedicated to her husband (No sir] and to our President (Yes sir). But I said that just as she is dedicated to him, moving with blood stains (Yeah) on her body and on her [?] (Yeah), those of us who are dedicated to the principles of our Christian faith (Amen) must move on in the name of Jesus (Yes) with the blood stains on our hearts (Yeah) and on our [?] (Yeah). Where he leads us (Yes), we must be willing to follow.

 

But the Negro, in this age of restlessness and in this dark hour, is tired, and don’t you let that [?] fool you—but he’s tired (Yes sir). I’ve traveled all across this country, and I know what I’m talking about. If it’s in the backwoods of Mississippi (Yeah), if it’s in the swamps of Louisiana, if it’s in the hills of Alabama, or even right here in Montgomery (Um-hmm), negroes are tired (Oh yeah) of second-, third-, and fourth-class citizenship [Applause]. And we want our freedom (Yes). I [?] reporters [?] right here, [ ? ? ] writing about [Laughter and applause].

 

We want our freedom. And we don’t want a part of it, but we want all of it (All of it) [Applause]. We do not want it in Los Angeles, California, or Boston, or Detroit, or some far-distant state or city, but we want it right here in Alabama and in our county [Applause].

 

I was talking to a man the other day, and he said—in Atlanta—he said, “Reverend, things are improving. All you’ve got to do is to be patient” (Uh-huh). And I said, “Well, we have been patient for 250 years. How long do you want us to be patient?” (All right) He said, “Well, I think the next 50 years we will have worked things . . .” [Laughter] And I said, “Man, where do you think you will be 50 years from now?” (All right). I said, “I know I’ll be Heaven, in Heaven, and I believe you’ll be in Hell” [Laughter].

 

We want our freedom now (Now). We want it right now (Yeah, all right). If you can tell Mr. Wallace (Yeah) to get it to us tomorrow morning (Yeah), it’ll still be 12 hours (Too late) too late [Applause].

 

The movement for freedom started here in Montgomery, Alabama (Yes). It started this day (Yes), eight years ago. Negroes were complacent and satisfied (Um-hmm). Montgomery boasted at that time of being the city with the best climate of race relations in the country (Um-hmm). Negroes had nothing but satisfied, [ ? ? ] whites. Going around to the back door (Yeah, all right). Going, crawling up in some broken-down white doctor’s office (That’s right). Read magazines that—three and four years old [Laughter], and waiting (That’s right) until they had waited on all of the white (That’s right) patients (Yeah) and then finally come around to the negroes. Well you know I’ve had a great idea [Laughter and applause]. And it’s been [ ? ? ] [Laughter and applause].

 

That was the way it was in Montgomery (Yes), with one or two negroes paid off, [?] downtown, to keep the rest of us content and satisfied [Applause]. Something happened, and this thing burst loose (Yes), and negroes started in Montgomery walking for freedom (Yeah, sure did). They sacrificed tired feet for rested souls (Oh yeah, that’s right), and discovered that a walk for freedom is a little better than a segregated ride [Applause].

 

We walked through the rain. We walked through the snow. We walked through the sleet (Yes). We walked through the July sun, but we kept on walking (Walk). We wore out our shoes, but we kept on walking (Go man). We got new shoes wherever we could get ’em, and when we couldn’t get ’em we walked barefoot (Yeah), but we kept on walking (That’s right). We met twice a week, and we talked with each other about it and talked to God about it (Yeah) and kept on walking for freedom (All right), and vowed that in the process, we would not yield, but we would love. We would not use the weapons of the world, but we would use the weapons of the spirit (Yes). We would choose non-violence not as a technique for any given situation, but we would choose it as a way of life (Yeah). We threw away our weapons (Yes). We threw away our guns and our ammunition (Yes). They bombed our homes (Yes). They dynamited our churches (Right). They beat us up (Yes). They threw us in jail (Tell). But they could not stop the movement for freedom here in Montgomery, Alabama [Applause].

 

For freedom rang out (Yeah), and finally it was caught up in Birmingham (Yeah), in Tallahassee (Yes), in New Orleans, in Baton Rouge (Yes), in Richmond (Yeah) and other parts of the South, but it had its beginning right here in the cradle of the Confederacy [Applause]. And I say to you that the time has come for a spiritual freedom revival (Right) to take place again right here in Montgomery [Applause].

 

The world is looking to Montgomery (Yes, all right), saying that you are the [?] (Yes) of this whole movement (Uh-hmm). It began here (That’s right), and we expect you to lead us. People are looking to Montgomery, wanting to know, what is happening in the South? (That’s right). Spent three hours yesterday in my office with a reporter. He wanted to know—he said he’s going away to Montgomery (Um-hmm). I told him about the Institute. He said he was sorry that he could not get here, during the Institute, because he’s coming here. I talk every week with foreign dignities, from Africa, from India, and from England, and from everywhere, and they want to know, what about Montgomery, Alabama? (Yeah).

 

I tell you what has taken place here under the governorship of Mr. John Patterson (Yes), whom the people elected to office simply because of the sympathy that went out because his father was assassinated as he sought to clean up Phenix City, Alabama (Yeah). And under the governorship of Mr. George Wallace (Uh-hmm), and under the governorship of Mr. Ross Barnett (Yes) in our neighboring state down there in Mississippi (Yes). A climate has been created (Yes) that our people are afraid (Yes) to stand up and move out (Yes) for their constitutional and God-given rights (Yes). But I tell you that those are the people who have aided the [?] and their causes, and Mr. Wallace and Mr. Barnett and Mr. Patterson should have been in jail a long time ago [Applause].

 

You know we [?] unjust laws, laws that we feel to be unjust, but we’re willing to go to jail for them (?). We don’t dodge, we don’t run, and we don’t hide. For 12 times I have been in jail for freedom, and I’m ready to go the thirteenth time (Yes) if it becomes necessary [Applause]. For these men have decided to hide the law of the land (?), and that is the Constitution of the United States (Yes). And they have created a climate—they have helped to create a climate that has produced the [?] plot that bombed the 16th Street Baptist Church (Yeah) [Applause] and killed those six innocent children. They helped to assassinate John F. Kennedy [Applause]. There needs to be a spiritual freedom revival (That’s right) right here in Montgomery, Alabama.

 

Now, we are not mad [ ? ? ], that the negro is not mad—is not mad at the white man. We worked for our forefathers (Yeah) from 1619 to 1863 without wages (Um-hmm). Almost 250 years (Um-hmm). But we’re not mad (No). He can take all he wants (Um-hmm). Just give us our freedom (Yes).

We have labored under the yoke of injustice for almost 100 years (Yes), under the theory of separate but equal (Um-hmm). Our schools have been in theory, nothing but shacks (That’s right) built across the railroad tracks (That’s right). And in many communities there are no schoolhouses at all (That’s right). You know they had nothing but shacks until nineteen-hundred and fifty-four, when the Supreme Court rendered—rendered its decision (Um-hmm), and ever since then they’ve been built in some alley, different schools (That’s right). Sidney Lanier, since the day it was built, has been a [?] fine high school (Yes) for whites right here in Montgomery, Alabama. What was Booker T. Washington? Nothing but a shack (That’s right).

But we’re not mad about it (No). In many communities there are no schoolhouses at all. In the community I grew up in, I went to a school in a church that served as a schoolhouse during the week and a church on Sundays (Yeah).

What about the bus station? Wouldn’t you say it was a dirty, dungy, filthy hole (That’s right) that negroes were forced to wait in (Yes). And the ticket agent waiting on everybody (Um-hmm) over on the white side in a nice, spacious waiting room. And finally the negro—after he cleared up his store and cleared up—and it didn’t need any clearing up at all (That’s true). We wanted a ticket. He’d call us, as though you wanted a hamburger or a hot dog, and said, “Boy” or “Girl,” “What do you want?”

Forced to ride in the back of the bus (Yes). How many times right here in Montgomery, Alabama, have you been forced to get on the bus in the front door and pay your fare at the front of the bus (Yes) and then get off and board the bus from the back? (Right). Now you mean to tell me that’s right? No (No). God don’t like it, and He knows it isn’t right.

But we’re not mad about it. Even right now today, there is not a single lunch-counter in a chain store in Montgomery, Alabama, that is integrated (That’s right). There is not a single hotel in Montgomery, Alabama, that is integrated. There is not a single negro on the police force (That’s right) in Montgomery, Alabama. They had [?], and they don’t even have him today. And they’re getting [? ?]. They’re getting it in cities like Huntsville, Alabama, and even Mobile, that’s more Southern than Montgomery. You have all these things that I’m talking about. There is a need for a spiritual revival of freedom in Montgomery, Alabama [Applause].

What do we want? I’ll tell you what we want. Just this afternoon I thought I would miss my plane in Atlanta, Georgia. I lead a group [ ? ? ]  450 negro pastors, through which we are seeking to secure jobs for our people. Within the last year we have secured more than 500 blue—600—blue and white collar jobs for our people. We’ve added more than $1,500,000 to the annual payroll of negroes in Atlanta [Applause]. We know what we need, because we discovered that the job of the preacher is not only to feed the souls of men (That’s right), but to care for the body in which those souls are housed (Yes). As we move from business to business . . .

[The recording ends abruptly in mid-sentence.]