General Information

Definition

The 260 field (imprint) contains information relating to the publication, printing, distribution, issue, release, or production of a work. Three basic elements comprise the 260 field: place of publication (|a), name of publisher (|b) and date of publication(|c).

Source of Information

The imprint can be taken from anywhere on the chief source of information (i.e., title page). The normal imprint position is at the foot of the title page. Substitute sources include, in this order:

verso of title page
pages preceding title page
cover
colophon

Transcription Rules

Order of elements

260     Place :|bName of publisher,|cDate.

Record the imprint in the prescribed order, regardless of where and in what order you found the elements in the item. When more than one place and publisher is to be recorded, give each publisher following the place to which it relates.

If there are both a publisher and distributor, the place and name of publisher of publication precede the place and name of the distributor.

Language

When the imprint appears in more than one language, record the imprint in the language of the title proper. When this does not apply (i.e., the language(s) of the imprint are different from the title proper), record the imprint in the language that appears first.

Bracketed information

If you bracket information in successive subfields, bracket the entire block of information rather than each subfield.

260     [S.l. :|bs.n.],|c1987.

Indicators and Subfields

1st indicator	[blank]
2nd indicator	[blank]
Subfield Code	|a	Place of publication, distribution, etc. (repeatable)
	|b	Name of publisher, distributor, etc. (repeatable)
	|c	Date of publication, distribution, etc. (repeatable)

260|a -- Place of Publication

Definition

Place of publication refers to the local place, usually the city, where the offices of the publisher are located.

Transcription Rules

Form of place name

• Record all elements of the place name that appear on the source including state, province, county, country, etc.

  source:	Tulsa, Okla., USA
  260	Tulsa, Okla., USA

• Transcribe abbreviations of states, countries, etc. as they appear on the source.

  source:	Sacramento, CA
  260	Sacramento, CA
  source:	Chicago, IL, U.S.A.
  260	Chicago, IL, U.S.A.
  source:	Dordrecht, The Netherlands
  260	Dordrecht, The Netherlands

• If the name of a state, province, or territory of the U.S., Australia, or Canada is not abbreviated on the source, abbreviate according to the standard AACR2 abbreviations listed in 260 Table 1. If the name is not on the list, do not abbreviate.

  source:	New York, New York
  260	New York, N.Y.

Choice of place name

Single place name

Record the single place of publication.

source:	Macmillan * New York
260	New York :|bMacmillan

Multiple places of publication for a single publisher

Record the first place of publication given on the source. If that place is not in the U.S., record also the first U.S. place of publication if there is one.

source:	Quorum Books New York -- Westport, Connecticut -- London
260	New York :|bQuorum Books
source:	Academic Press London    New York
260	London ;|aNew York :|bAcademic Press

Single or multiple place names for multiple publishers

Record a place of publication for each publisher/distributor when the place differs from that of place(s) already named.

source:	Charles Scribner's Sons New York Collier Macmillan Canada Toronto
260	New York :|bCharles Scribner's Sons ;|aToronto :|bCollier Macmillan Canada
source:	Macmillan       New York and American Statistical Association New York
260	New York :|bMacmillan :|bAmerican Statistical Association

Multiple publishers in a phrase

See "Two or more firms linked in a phrase ..." Section IIIC part 3i-j

No place name

Probable place of publication:

When the place is unknown, and a good guess as to where the piece was published can be made, enclose the assumed location in square brackets with a question mark. A probable city or state, province, etc. is preferable to a probable country.

U.S. Government Publications: assume Washington, D.C.

source:	U.S. Department of Energy
260	[Washington, D.C.?] :|bU.S. Dept. of Energy

University Publications: assume the location of the university.

source:	College of Business Administration, University of Tulsa
260	[Tulsa, Okla.?] :|bCollege of Business Administration, University of Tulsa

No probable place of publication ( [S.l.] ):

When no place or probable place can be given, use "[S.l.]" (standing for "sine loco," without place).

• Capitalize the "S" only if occurs in the first subfield |a in the field.

  260	[S.l.] :|bBlackwing Press,|c1991.
  260	Philadelphia :|bPharmacopeial Convention ;|a[s.l.] :|bMack Pub. Co.,|c1980.

260|b -- Name of Publisher

Definition

In addition to regular trade publishers, consider as publishers:

• A government printer or printing office unless another body appears more prominently

• University presses

• Person or body issuing privately printed works. (Hint: These works will usually contain a phrase such as "printed for ..." and are usually limited printings.)

Source of Information

In addition to the standard sources of information listed in Section IB, consider the following also as sources:

Seal, insignia or logo

If the publisher's name appears only in a seal, insignia, or logo, treat it as a regular publisher statement.



260        ...    :|bAmerican Academy of Political and Social Science

Stamps or labels

Treat imprint information appearing on a stamp or label containing publication details relating to a reproduction, reissue, etc., as if it were printed. Give the publication details of the later publication from the stamp or label in 260. Give the source of information in a 500 note as illustrated in the example below. Include the original publication details in a 500 note if they can be read.

500	Imprint from label on t.p.
500	Imprint under label reads: HM + M Publishers.

When the information on the stamp or label concerns only a distributor see "Distributor," Section IIIC part 4, for transcription instructions.

Transcription Rules

Order of elements

Give the name of the publisher, distributor, etc. following the place(s) to which it relates.

When recording names linked in a phrase, see "Two or more firms linked in a phrase ...," Section IIIC part 3i-j.

Form of name

Transcribe the name as it appears on the source.

source:	Spring Publications, Inc.       Dallas, Texas
260	Dallas, Tex. :|bSpring Publications, Inc.
source:	John French & Co.
260	... :|bJohn French & Co.

More than one form of name

If more than one form of name appear on the source, prefer the fuller form.

source:	AMA American Management Association
260	... :|bAmerican Management Association

Hierarchy

Do not rearrange a hierarchy to put the larger body first.

source:	Manpower Planning Division National Economic Development Board Government of Thailand Bangkok
260	Bangkok :|bManpower Planning Division, National Economic Development Board, Government of Thailand

Abbreviations

Abbreviate English language publishing terms which appear on the list below. In all other cases, transcribe as found on source. Abbreviations for publishing terms in other languages may be found in the current AACR2 Appendix B. See also Abbreviations online at Princeton University.

Common publishing terms from AACR2 Appendix B.

Company	Co.
Corporation	Corp.
Department	Dept.
Government Printing Office	G.P.O.
Her (His) Majesty's Stationery Office	H.M.S.O.
Incorporated	Inc.
Limited	Ltd.
Publishing	Pub.
Superintendent of Documents	Supt. of Docs.

source:	W.W. Norton and Company
260	... :|bW.W. Norton and Co.
source:	Springer Verlag
260	... :|bSpringer Verlag

Omissions

Omit initial articles which occur as the first word of the publisher statement.

source:	The British Library
260	... :|bBritish Library

Omit the phrases "Published by", "., Publisher(s)" or their equivalents in other languages when only a single firm name is involved. When two or more firms are linked in a phrase see "Two or more firms linked in a phrase ...," Section IIIC part 3i-j.

source:	Published by Allen & Unwin
260	... :|bAllen & Unwin

Omit a personal name which appears in a statement of publishing because of legal requirements of the country (e.g., India).

source:	Printed and Published by S.D. Puranik for the National Institute of Bank Management
260	... :|bNational Institute of Bank Management

Choice of publisher(s)

Publisher on chief source

Record the names of all publishers appearing on the chief source or its substitute in the order they appear, except in the case of simultaneous publications. See "Simultaneous publications," Section IIIC part 3d.

source:	Howell Book House New York Collier Macmillan Canada Toronto Maxwell Macmillan International New York   Oxford   Singapore   Sidney
260	New York :|bHowell Book House ;|aToronto :|bCollier Macmillan Canada ;|aNew York :|bMaxwell Macmillan International

Non-U.S. publisher on chief source -- U.S. publisher listed elsewhere

Record also the name of a U.S. publisher appearing anywhere on the item when a non-U.S. publisher appears on the chief source, except in the case of simultaneous publishers. See "Simultaneous publications," Section IIIC part 3d.

title page:	Clarendon Press     Oxford
verso of t.p.	Published in the United States by Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6 DP Oxford, New York, Toronto
260	Oxford :|bClarendon Press ;|aNew York :|bOxford University Press

Publisher of a previous edition

Do not record any publisher concerned with a previous edition even if it appears on the title page.

title page:	Greenwood Publishing Corp.       New York
verso of t.p.	Originally published in 1906 by Archibald Constable and Co., Ltd., London
260	New York :|bGreenwood Pub. Corp.

Simultaneous publications

Simultaneous publications are those which are published simultaneously by two different publishers in different countries. These can be identified by a phrase such as; "Published simultaneously in the United States by ...", or "Simultaneously published by ..., London" Such statements are usually found on the verso of the title page.

If the publisher is clearly identified as a simultaneous publisher, do not transcribe it.

title page:	E.P. Dutton     New York
verso of t.p.	Published in the United States by E. P. Dutton, a division of Penguin Books USA Inc. Published simultaneously in Canada by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, Toronto
260	New York :|bE.P. Dutton

Sponsoring bodies

Do not record in the 260 any body not directly related to the publication of the item when it is not linked in a phrase with the publisher. The phrase "Published for" or "Published in cooperation with" indicates a sponsor rather than a publisher. (At full level these are generally listed in a quoted note instead.)

foot of title page:	George Godwin, London and New York
head of t.p.	Published in association with the Plastics and Rubber Institute
260	London ;|aNew York :|bGeorge Godwin
(500	"Published in association with the Plastics and Rubber Institute.")

Publishing group or general imprint name on source and associated companies elsewhere (commercial publisher)

If the source (e.g. title page) has a general name which applies to a group of companies and a list of the individual companies is given elsewhere (e.g. verso of title page), assume that the general imprint on the title page represents the publisher of the item. If the place of publication is not in the U.S. and a U.S. place is coupled with one of the other firm names, add this place to the "general" imprint but do not record the associated company.

title page:	Pitman Publishing       London
verso of t.p.	Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd.       Pitman House, Parker Street,       Kingsway, London WC2B 5PB       P.O. Box 46038, Banda Street,       Nairobi, Kenya Pitman Publishing Pty. Ltd.       Pitman House, 138 Bouveire Street,       Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia Pitman Publishing Corporation       6 East 43rd Street       New York, NY 10017 USA
260	London ;|aNew York, NY, USA :|bPitman Pub.

Specific firm name on source and statement about associated companies or parent organization elsewhere.

When a specific firm name appears on the chief source (i.e., title page) and a statement about associated companies or a parent organization appears elsewhere in the item (i.e., verso), do not include these associated companies or their places in the imprint even if one is located in the U.S.

title page:	Newnes Technical Books       London
verso of t.p.	The Butterworth Group United Kingdom Butterworth & Co (Publishers) Ltd.       London: 88 Kingsway, WC2b 6AB USA     Butterworth (Publishers) Inc.            Boston: 19 Cummings Park, Woburn, MA 01801 First published 1978 by Newnes Technical Books            A Butterworth Imprint
260	London :|bNewnes Technical Books

Commercial publisher with hierarchy on chief source

If both the parent company and the subsidiary appear together on the source, transcribe only the name of the subsidiary. If it is not clear which to transcribe, transcribe the entire hierarchy as it appears on the source.

source:	Basic Books A Division of HarperCollins Publishers
260	... :|bBasic Books
source:	Macmillan Publishing Company <--subsidiary A division of Macmillan, Inc. <--parent company New York Collier Macmillan Publishers <--second imprint London
260	New York :|bMacmillan Pub. Co. ;|aLondon :|bCollier Macmillan Publishers

Two or more firms linked in a phrase with different places of publication

Determine whether all of the firms linked in the phrase are involved in the actual publication of the item.

• All firms involved in publication

  Transcribe each firm after its corresponding place in a separate place-publisher statement.

  source:	Garland Publishing, Inc., New York and Fondation Le Corbusier, Paris
  260	New York :|bGarland Pub., Inc. ;|aParis :|bFondation Le Corbusier

• One or more agencies are sponsoring bodies rather than publishers.

  Transcribe the firms in a single statement. Retain the place(s) associated with firms not involved in the actual publication in the phrase. (Hint: these firms will be linked in a phrase with words such as "in cooperation with," "by ... for," "for", etc.)

  source:	Published by Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd. London For The Institute of Tribology Leeds University And The Institut national des sciences appliquées, Lyon
  260	London :|bPublished by Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd. for the Institute of Tribology, Leeds University, and the Institut national des sciences appliquées, Lyon
  source:	Published for the Glenbow-Alberta Institute, Calgary, Alberta by University of Toronto Press    Toronto -- Buffalo
  260	Toronto ;|aBuffalo :|bPublished for the Glenbow-Alberta Institute, Calgary, Alta., by University of Toronto Press

Two or more firms linked in a phrase with a single place of publication

Transcribe the entire phrase in a single statement following the place to which it relates.

source:	Foremost Americans Pub. Corp. for Bowker New York
260	New York :|bForemost Americans Pub. Corp. for Bowker

Publisher's name resembling a series title

When the publisher's name looks like a series title, LCAF, copy or a referral should clarify the situation. At MLP, when there is no LCAF entry, use your best judgement to transcribe the publisher.

source:	Perennial Library Harper & Row, Publishers New York, Cambridge, Philadelphia
LCAF:	Perennial Library Transcribe the name as publisher. Ignore the hierarchical name Harper & Row.
260	New York :|bPerennial Library

Distributor

Identification

The distributor is generally identified by the following phrases and etc.:

Distributed by ...
For sale by ...
Sole distributor for ...

Source of information

The source for the distributor is the title page, verso of title page, other preliminaries, colophon, and a stamp or label found anywhere on the item. Ignore a distributor found only on the dust jacket.

Transcription rules

When in addition to the publisher(s), a distributor is also listed in the item, transcribe the distributor in 260 following the publisher(s).

• Do not record distributor statement for distributors located outside the U.S. except when there is no publisher statement and no U.S. distributor. See "No publisher," Section IIIC part 5

• Do not record distributor if the distributor carries the same name as the publisher exactly.

• Ignore a distributor which is only a secondhand dealer.

• When in doubt as to the significance of the distributor statement, record it.

• When the distributor statement includes a statement of function (e.g., "Distributed by ." or, "., distributor"), include it. If a statement of function is not included in the distributor statement, add "[distributor]" to the end of the name when you are sure of the function
1. Place of distribution

   Record the place of distribution in an additional |a subfield following the publisher statement if it is different from the place of publication.

   title page:	Faber & Faber, London
   verso of t.p.:	Distributed in the U.S. by Transatlantic Arts, Inc. Levittown, New York
   260	London :|bFaber & Faber ;|aLevittown, N.Y. :|bDistributed in the U.S. by Transatlantic Arts, Inc.
   title page:	Alfred A. Knopf, New York
   verso of t.p.:	Distributed by Random House, New York
   260	New York :|bAlfred A. Knopf :|bDistributed by Random House

2. Name of distributor

   Record the distributor if it differs in form of name from the publisher even if both belong to the same entity.

   title page:	Elsevier--Amsterdam--Oxford--New York--Tokyo
   verso of t.p.:	Distributors for the United States and Canada: Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc. 655 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10010, U.S.A.
   260	Amsterdam ;|aNew York :|bElsevier ;|aNew York, NY, U.S.A. :|bDistributors for the United States and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co. Inc.

3. Distributor from stamp or label

   Record the place and name of the distributor from a stamp or label if it is located in the U.S. and it is not the same as the publisher. Add a 500 note describing the source of information.

   500	Distributor from label on t.p. verso.
   or,
   500	Distributor from stamp on t.p. verso.

No publisher

When no publisher is available on the item use instead, in this order:

• A corporate body named at the head of title

• The copyright holder, if it is a corporate body. Do not transcribe personal names

• The corporate body responsible for creating the document

• Distributor (even if located outside the U.S.)

• Printer (include the phrase that accompanies the printer's name (e.g. Printed by ...")

• [s.n.] (sine nomine = without name).

260|c -- Date of Publication

Definition

The date of publication is the year of publication of the edition, revision, etc., named in the edition area. If there is no edition area, the date of the first publication of the edition to which the item belongs is considered the publication date.

Transcription Rules

Form of date

Record the date in Arabic numerals.

source:	MCMLV
260	...,|c1955.

Transcribe copyright dates preceded by a lowercase "c".

source:	©1991
260	...,|cc1991.

When the date given is of a non-Western calendar, record it, followed by an estimated date of publication in square brackets.

source:	4308
260	...,|c4308 [1975]

If the item gives a non-Western and a Western date, record only the western date.

source:	4308 - 1975
260	...,|c1975.

Choice of date - Item has stated publication date or title page date

Stated publication date for the edition in hand

The stated publication date is the date when the publisher releases a specific edition. Record it as it appears.

source:	Published in 1989
260	...,|c1989.
source:	3rd corrected edition -- 1991
260	...,|c1991.

Note that the phrase "First published" may refer to an edition earlier than the one in hand. Match the publication date to the edition in hand.

verso of t.p.:	First published, London, 1901 Reissued 1972 by Benjamin Blom Reprint edition 1980 by Arno Press, New York
260	New York :|bArno Press,|c1980.

Title page date

Accept the date given in the imprint position on the title page as the publication date when it is the only date given on the item or when it matches the copyright date of the item.

title page date:	1988
verso of t.p.:	Translated into English and first published in 1935 by Centenary Press, London This revised edition ©1988
260	...,|c1988.

Stated publication date or title page date and copyright date differ

Record only the stated publication date or title page date.

verso of t.p.:	Published in 1989 Copyright ©1987
260	...,|c1989.

Stated publication date or title page date earlier than date of first printing

When the item contains a date of the first printing which is later than the stated publication date, use this to infer the true publication date. (An item cannot be published until after it is manufactured.)

To indicate the inferred publication date, follow the stated publication date by the probable date in square brackets preceded by "i.e.".

The date in the call number should correspond to the inferred publication date for most items.

title page: verso of t.p.:	1986 First printed, 1987
260	... |c1986 [i.e. 1987]
Call #:	R131.D79 1987

Title page date later than date of publication or manufacture (first printing) stated elsewhere

Consider the title page date to be a printing date.

title page:	1989
verso of t.p.:	This edition published in 1980
260	...,|c1980.

Stated publication date or title page date with printing date other than first printing

Record the stated publication date or title page date in 260 |c.

verso of t.p.:	First published in 1978 // Sixth printing 1980
260	...,|c1978.

Choice of date -- Item lacks stated publication date or title page date

Copyright date

When recording copyright dates, ignore copyright dates that apply to only a portion of the book, such as the preface, epilogue, etc.

1. Copyright date only

   Record the latest copyright date preceded by "c". If a copyright date is not explicitly identified as being renewed, assume it is a later copyright date.

   title page:	[no date]
   verso of t.p.:	Copyright I. Jones ©1986, 1987, 1988
   260	..., |cc1988.
   title page:	[no date]
   verso of t.p.:	©1966 Epilogue ©1977
   260	...,|cc1966.

2. Renewed copyright date

   Ignore copyright dates which are identified on the item as renewed copyright dates. If a copyright date is not explicitly identified as being renewed, assume it is a later copyright date.

   title page:	no date
   verso of t.p.:	Copyright 1954, 1965 Copyright renewed 1982
   260	...,|cc1965.

3. Copyright date with date of printing

   When the copyright date and date of first printing or unidentified printing are the same, give the copyright date.

   verso of t.p.:	Copyright 1980 // 1980 printing
   260	...,|cc1980.

   When the copyright date and date of first printing differ, give the printing date in square brackets.

   verso of t.p.:	©1986 1st printing, 1985
   260	..., |c[1985]
   verso of t.p.:	©1990 1st printing 1991
   260	...,|c[1991]

   When the copyright date and date of the second or later printing differ, give the copyright date in the 260.

   verso of t.p.:	Copyright 1978 // Sixth printing 1980
   260	...,|cc1978.

Printing date only

1. First printing

   When the printing date is the date of the first printing, give the printing date in square brackets.

   verso of t.p.:	First printing 1980
   260	...,|c[1980]

2. Printing dates other than first printing

   When you cannot assume that the printing date is actually the date of first publication, give the printing date followed by "printing".

   verso of t.p.:	15th Impression 1989
   260	...,|c1989 printing.

Dates from U.S. documents

Dates found in numerical identifiers in U.S. Congressional documents (e.g., 70-7780-81-2, meaning printing in 1981) should be treated as dates of first printing.

title page:	1980
signature no.:	70-7780-81-2
260	...,|c1980 [i.e. 1981]

Dates found in Government Printing Office colophons should be treated as dates of first printing.

title page:	1986
colophon:	1987
260	...,|c1986 [i.e. 1987]

Date of release or transmittal

Dates of release or transmittal are not publication dates. These dates appear most often on the title page and in the following formats:

May 1979

May 1, 1979

Issued May 1979

Do not transcribe these dates in 260 |c when there is a true publication date in the item. When no other date is available, infer the publication date from the date of release or transmittal and give it in 260 |c in square brackets.

title page:	June 1993
260	...,|c[1993]

Date of distribution

If the item has only a date of distribution, or a date of distribution and a printing date other than the first printing, use the date of distribution in 260.

source:	Published by Educational Records, London Distributed by Edcorp in 1973
260	...,|c1973.

Estimated date

If evidence in the item such as a dated preface, date of conference, etc. suggests a possible date of publication, supply it according to the instructions below.

Probable date:

The most common estimated date is a probable date derived from a date in the preface or introduction of the item, or one derived from the date of a conference or exhibition.

e.g., date of a preface or introduction
source:	[Preface dated 1980]
260	...,|c[1980?]
e.g., date of a conference or exhibition
source:	Online Library Systems Conference September 13, 1984 -- Atlanta, Georgia
260	...,|c[1984?]

Other estimated dates:

In special cases such as with old and rare books, estimated dates may be created according to the following examples:

[1971 or 1972]	one year or the other
[ca. 1960]	approximate date
[197-]	decade certain
[197-?]	probable decade
[18--]	century certain
[18--?]	probable century

No date

Omit |c entirely in MLP.

Multipart works (also see "BP Procedures Monographs, 5.1 Sets")

The rules for choice of date in multipart works are identical to those described previously for single works.

The 260|c of multipart works published over a period of time contains the range of the earliest and latest publication dates. Because not all works are issued beginning with volume 1, the date in the publication area is the earliest followed by the last publication date, whether or not the earliest date is the date of volume 1, etc.

Note: The earliest date may require adjustment as volumes of the set are received to ensure that it continuously reflects the earliest date of publication.

Open date

If a work appearing in more than one volume does not appear to be bibliographically complete, give the earliest date of whatever volume the library has, followed by a hyphen.

260	...,|c1990-

Closed date

When there is evidence that the work is complete or that no more volumes will be published, the latest date is added, thus closing the entry.

260	...,|c1979-1988.

When a date requires qualifying information, qualify that date following the date to which it applies.

260	...,|c1982 [i.e. 1983]-1990.