Lockes concern for the toleration of religious dissent, for the
interaction of individual conscience and public authority, was long-standing.
In his early tracts on the civil magistrate,
he had felt that the need for order
in society justified the authority of the magistrate over matters
indifferent to salvation. Under the influence of Shaftesbury and
of his own investigations of the scope of certain knowledge, his
emphasis changed. Without certainty in matters of religion, the
conscience must be allowed liberty; the authority of the
magistrate must be confined to preserving the existence of
society and the safety and property of the citizen. Lockes
thoughts on this subject (as on so many others) matured during
his stay in Holland, where his circle of friends consisted
primarily of dissenters from the established church, such as the
Remonstrant pastor and theologian, Philipp van Limborch.
In 1686, Locke drafted a letter in Latin to his friend, which was
published (probably by Limborch) in 1689.
The Latin Epistola
The Latin text has seldom been reprinted until recently, when
Unesco sponsored a series of bilingual editions, including the
Latin text and new translations from that text, edited by Raymond
Klibansky.
41
Epistola de tolerantia
Ad clarissimum virum T.A.R.P.T.O.L.A. scripta à P.A.P.I.O.L.A.
Goudæ, apud Justum ab Hoeve. MDCLXXXIX [1689]. 96 p. 12 o.
Publication supervised by Limborch;
it first appeared a few days before 26 April 1689.
According to Le Clerc, the initials signify Theologiae Apud
Remonstrantes Professorem, Tyrannides Osorem Limgurgium Amstelodamensem and
Pacis Amico, Persecutionis Osore, Ioanne Lockio Anglo.
According to Limborch (in a letter to Lady Masham, 24 March 1704),
Limburgium Amstelodamensem should be Libertas Amantem.
Y 1; J 1; C 13; Br 7; H&L 2941
Reprint of 1689 edition, with an additional work;
publication arranged by Limborch;
Epistola occupies the firstpart of the book (p. 1-96).
Unverified.
Y 2
The Latin text was included in Thomas Holliss 1765 edition of
the four Letters [ Locke #93]
and in the seventh edition of Lockes Works (1768)
[ Locke #854].
Epistola de tolerantia.
Latin and English.
H&W 264; T 6
H&W 267; T 7
Epistola de tolerantia.
Latin and French.
Also published: Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 1965;
3e éd. Paris : Quadrige/PUF, 2006.
LNL 4:21
Epistola de tolerantia.
Latin and Greek.
Epistolē gia tēn anexithrēskia =
Epistola de tolerantia / John Locke ;
eisagōgē, metafrasē, scholia, Giannēs Plangesēs
[introduction, translation and notes, Yannis Plangesis].
Thessalonikē, Zētros, 1998. 251 p.
ISBN 960-7760-24-7.
Unverified.
LNL 29:8
Epistola de tolerantia.
Latin and Italian.
Italian text also published separately; see Locke #80.
LNL 4:18; M 44, 326, 330, 331, 333
Epistola de tolerantia.
Latin and Japanese.
H&W 1983
Epistola de tolerantia.
Latin and Magyar.
48
Levél a vallaśi türelemről :
Latin szöveg és magyar fordítás / John Locke ;
szövegkritika és előszó,
Raymond Klibansky ;
bevezetés,
Mátrai László ;
[a szóveget Halasy-Nagy József
fordítasa alapján as eredetival egybevetette és átdolg.
Gecse Gusztáv].
Budapest : Akadémiai Kiadó, 1973. 131 p.
(Filozófiai írók tára, új folyam ; 34. köt.).
(Philosophie et communauté mondiale)
Epistola de tolerantia.
Latin and Polish.
Latin & Polish on facing pages.
Epistola de tolerantia.
Latin and Spanish.
A letter concerning toleration
The Epistola de tolerantia was almost immediately translated into
English and published in London.
The translator was William Popple,
a Unitarian merchant, who later became Lockes friend.
In his edition of the Epistola ( Locke #43)
and in a series of articles, Mario Montuori
has argued that the Popple translation is in fact
a new version made relevant to the predicament of English
dissenters and that Locke was involved with and approved Popples work.
Although there is little evidence on the latter point,
it is true that it was the Popple translation which was attacked by
Proast and others
and which was defended by Locke, a point made by James Tully
in the introduction to Locke #67. In this sense,
it is certainly correct to say that Locke accepted the Letter as
his own work.
Translated by William Popple;
all the English versions listed below are the Popple translation, unless otherwise noted.
Y 3; J 2; C 15; Wing L2747; H&L 2943
52
A letter concerning toleration.
Licensed, Octob. 3. 1689. The second edition corrected.
London, printed for Awnsham Churchill
1690. [4], 87, [5] p. 12 o.
Y 4; J 3; C 15; T 8; Wing L2748; H&L 2942
Y 5
Y 6; Evans 5227
Y 7; J 4; C 99; T 9
Y 8
Unverified.
Y 9; Evans 9712
58
A letter concerning toleration.
By John Locke, Esq. A new edition. Published for the benefit of mankind.
London: printed by J. Osborne and T. Griffin
, and J. Mozley, Gainsbrough. MDCCLXXXIV [1784].
106, [2] p. 12 o.
Y 10; J 5
59
A letter concerning toleration.
By John Locke, Esq. A new edition, with alterations.
York: printed by Wilson, Spence and Mawman; for T. Wilson and R. Spence
Anno 1788.
[3], vi-205, [3] p. 12 o.
Y 11; J 5*; C 99
60
A letter concerning toleration.
By John Locke, Gent. The fourth edition.
Windsor [Vermont]: printed by Alden Spooner, for Joseph Thomson. M,DCC,LXXXVIII [1788].
71, [1] p. 8 o.
Y 12; J 6; C 99; Evans 21207
Y 13
Another issue: Huddersfield: printed and sold by J. Brook. 1796;
lacks the inserted leaf (the editors preface) but includes a final leaf of advertisements.
Editors address signed: Halifax, June 2, 1796. J. Cockin.
Y 14; J 7, 7a; C 99
With a frontispiece published by Thomas Tegg,
1809.
Y 15; J 8; C 99
64
A letter concerning toleration. // IN:
The millennial harbinger :
a monthly publication devoted to primitive Christianity /
conducted by A. Campbell.
3rd series:1 (1844):12-17, 55-61, 105-109, 151-158, 250-253.
Edited by Alexander Campbell.
Memoirs of Locke signed: C.R.E.
London October 1851.
J 9; C 99
A letter concerning toleration appeared in editions of the
Second treatise by Morley in 1889 [ Locke #123];
by Sherman in 1937 [ Locke #124];
by Gough in 1946 [ Locke #127];
and in v. 35 of The great books of the Western world
[ Locke #867].
Also: 2nd ed. New York : Liberal Arts Press, 1955. 63 p.
(The library of liberal arts ; no. 22).
Also published: Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill, [1955]
LNL 16:9
A letter concerning toleration. Selections.
Translations of Epistola de tolerantia
Epistola de tolerantia. Czech.
69A
Dopis o toleranci :
kterýžto je překladem latinského Epistola de tolerancia / John Locke ;
přeložil Petr Horák. // IN:
Filosofichý časopis. 43 (1995):730-748.
Epistola de tolerantia. Dutch.
*70
Een brief aangaande de verdraagzaamheit.
Geschreven aan den zeer vermaarden Man T.A.R.P.T.O.L.A. van P.A.P.O.J.L.A.
En nu uyt het Latijn vertaalt. Te Rotterdam, By Barent Bos, boekverkooper. 1689. 130, [2] p. 12 o.
Mentioned by Limborch in letters of 16 and 30 Sept. 1689,
and by Le Clerc in Bibliothèque universelle 15 (1690):412,
and in Popples introduction to Locke #51.
Y 16
*71
[Another Dutch edition,
published in Harlingen by Folkert van der Plaats in 1730,
was advertised in the Leeuwarder courant, 5 April 1730;
cited by J. van Abkoude, Naamregister (1788).
Cf. Klibanskys introduction to Locke #44, p. xxvii.]
Y 17
Collection of works by Locke, G. Noodt, Barbeyrac, Hoadley, and J. Drieberge,
edited by Tirion.
Y 18; Schoneveld 4
*72A
Eerste brief over de verdraagzaamheid.
Geschreven door Joannes Locke. Uit het Latyn Vertaald. Derde Druk. // IN:
De vryheid van godsdienst in de burgerlyke maatschappy betoogd en verdeedigd,
uit het regt der nature en der volken, en uit de nature van den kristelyken godsdienst,
door de zeer vermaande mannen Locke, Noodt, Barbeyrac, Hoadly en Drieberge.
Te Amsterdam, by Jan Dóll, MDCCLXXIV [1774].
[12], LXIX, [1], 452 p. 8 o. See p. 1-82.
Reprint of Locke #72; the collection also contains a Dutch translation of the
Second letter [ Locke #87A]
Y 19; Schoneveld 5
ISBN 90-5573-508-6.
Unverified.
Epistola de tolerantia. French.
An epitome and review of the Epistola by Le Clerc appeared
in Bibliotheque universelle 15 (1689):402-412.
A French translation (by Jean Le Clerc) appeared in Oeuvres diverses, 1710
[ Locke #868]
and 1732 [ Locke #869],
and in vol. 7 of Oeuvres philosophiques, 1825 [ Locke #870].
A new French translation by Raymond Polin appeared,
together with the Latin original, in 1964 [ Locke #45].
73
Lettre de Jean Locke sur la tolérance. // IN:
Traité sur la tolérance, augmenté dune lettre de Jean Locke sur le même sujet.
[Geneva?] M.DCC.LXIV [1764]. 204, 105-107, [1], 209-309, [3] p. 12 o. See pages 209-309.
The Traité is by Voltaire;
Lockes text is based on the French collected works, probably the 1710 ed. [ Locke #868]
Y 20
Reprint of tome 7 of Oeuvres philosophiques, 1825
[ Locke #870]
Unverified; source: RBP 33:8354.
ISBN 2-08-070686-1.
Unverified.
Éd. rev. et augm. Paris : GF/Flammarion, c2007. 269 p.
(GF ; 1332. Texte intégral). ISBN 2-08-120727-3. Unverified.
ISBN 2-0918-2526-3.
Unverified.
Epistola de tolerantia. German.
75
Herrn Johann Lockens Vormahlig-Königl. Engelländischen Staats-Bedientens
Sendschreiben von der Toleranz, oder von der Religions- und Gewissens-Freyheit.
Aus dem Lateinischen Exemplar übersetzt,
und mit einigen nützlichen Anmerckungen erläutert.
Gedruckt im Jahr Christi 1710. [12], 124 p. 8 o.
Translated by Gottfried Olearius,
based on both the original Latin and Popples English translation;
preface dated 6 Jan. 1710.
Reprinted (1) Aus neue gedruckt im Jahr Christi MDCCXIV [1714];
(2) Aus neue gedruckt im Jahr Christi MDCCXXIV [1724]; also reprinted in:
Locke in Germany : early German translations of John Locke, 1709-61 /
selected and introduced by Konstantin Pollok. Bristol : Thoemmes Continuum, 2004. vol. 1.
Y 21-22; C 100; T 10, 11
*75A
Herrn Johann Lockens Vormahlig-Königl. Engelländischen Staats-Bedientens
Sendschreiben, von der Toleranz, oder von der Religions- und Gewissens-Freyheit.
Aus dem Englischen ins Teutsche übersetzt. // IN:
Die Rechtmäszigkeit, Nothwendigkeit und Nutzbarkeit der Toleranz und Gewissens-Freyheit,
klärlich und kräfftig aus unterschiedenen über diese Materie verfertigten Schrifften erwiesen,
und zum gemeinen Besten auffs Neue zusamen gedruckt, nebst einer Vorrede von dem Enfer in und über die Religion,
und Anmerckungen über des gelehrten Hallensischen JCti und Professoris, Herrn Böhmers,
anno 1726. gehaltene Dissertation von der Toleranz.
Hamburg und Leipzig, Bey Jonas Korten, anno 1728. 69, [3], 496 p.124 p. 8 o. See p. 276-384.
Reprint of the 1710 or 1714 German edition, translated by Gottfried Olearius,
but without the annotations.
Y 23
*76
J. Locke über Duldung, eine Epistel, aus dem Englischen,
den Herren Oberconsistorialräthen, Hermes, Hilmer und Woltersdorf gewidmet von dem Uebersetzer.
Leipzig, in der Pottischen Buchhandlung. 1796. XII, 131, [1] p. 8 o.
A new translation by an unknown translator.
Y 24
C 100
77
Ueber Glaubens- und Gewissensfreiheit : ein Brief /
von John Locke an Philipp von Limborch ; aus dem Englischen zum ersten Mal
in das Deutsche übersetzt. Braunschweig : in der Schulbuchhandlung, 1827.
110 p.
C 100
78
Ein Brief über Toleranz / John Locke ;
übersetzt, eingeleitet und in Anmerkungen erläutert
von Julius Ebbinghaus.
Hamburg : F. Meiner, c1957. xliv, 138 p. (Philosophische Bibliothek)
Also: 2. verbesserte Auflage. Hamburg : F. Meiner, 1966.
(Philosophie et communaut‚ mondiale); reprinted in 1975.
Includes Popples English translation facing the German text.
H&W 263
Epistola de tolerantia. Greek.
Epistola de tolerantia. Hebrew.
*78+
Igrot al ha-sovlanut / Gon Loḳ ;
tirgem mi-Laṭinit ume-Anglit Yoram Bronowsḳi ;
hiḳdim Reimond Ḳlibansḳi ;
arakh Yaaḳov Golomb.
Yerushalayim : Hotsaat sefarim al shem Y.L. Magnes,
ha-Universiṭah ha-Ivrit, 1990. 194 p.
Unverified.
Epistola de tolerantia. Italian.
79
Epistola su la tolleranza / Giovanni Locke ;
traduzione e studio introduttivo del Dr. Francesco A. Ferrari.
Lanciano : R. Carabba, 1920. 158 p. (Cultura dellanima)
Review: F. Momigliano,
Italia che scrive. 1920:153.
M 5, 105, 281
M 274
83
LEpistola de tolerantia / di Locke. // IN:
Il problema della tolleranza religiosa nelletà moderna :
dalla riforma protestante a Locke / Massimo Firpo.
Torino : Loescher, c1978. (Documenti della storia ; 23). p. 286-295.
Selections in Italian from the Epistola are included in
Locke #195A and #628B.
Epistola de tolerantia. Japanese.
Epistola de tolerantia. Magyar.
Epistola de tolerantia. Polish.
Epistola de tolerantia. Portuguese.
Epistola de tolerantia. Spanish.
B 107
ISBN 84-206-3983-4.
Unverified.
Epistola de tolerantia. Swedish.
A selective translation.
Y 24.1
Epistola de tolerantia. Turkish.
ISBN 9-7568-7703-0.
Unverified.
Controversy over A letter concerning toleration
Lockes Letter was immediately attacked in two anonymous
pamphlets, the most significant of which was Jonas Proasts
Argument (March 1690). Lockes own response was equally swift, and his
Second letter appeared in June. Proast replied to Lockes
Second letter, with his Third letter concerning toleration (1691).
Locke, in response, published A third letter for toleration the
following year. Proast did not return to the attack until 1704,
when he published his Second letter to the author of the three letters for toleration.
Locke was defended by an anonymous author, probably John Shute Barrington, in the postscript to
The rights of the Protestant dissenters. At the time of his death
that same year, Locke had begun his own reply. The draft was
published by his executors, Peter King and Anthony Collins, in 1706.
87
[ Locke, J.]
A second letter concerning toleration. Licensed, June 24. 1690.
London: printed for Awnsham and John Churchill
M DC XC [1690]. [4], 68 p. 4 o.
Y 25; J 10; C 17; Br 10; Wing L2755; H&L 2945
Locke, J. A second letter concerning toleration. Dutch.
*87A
Locke, J.
Tweede brief over de verdraagzaamheid. Geschreven door Joannes Locke. // IN:
De vryheid van godsdienst in de burgerlyke maatschappy betoogd en verdeedigd,
uit het regt der nature en der volken, en uit de nature van den kristelyken godsdienst,
door de zeer vermaande mannen Locke, Noodt, Barbeyrac, Hoadly en Drieberge.
Te Amsterdam, by Jan Dóll, MDCCLXXIV [1774].
[12], LXIX, [1], 452 p. 8 o. See p. 83-224.
The collection also contains a Dutch translation of the Epistola [ Locke #72A]
Y 26[/19]; Schoneveld 6
89
[ Locke, J.]
A third letter for toleration, to the author of The third letter concerning toleration.
London, printed for Awnsham and John Churchill
MDCXCII [1692]. [4], 350, [2] p. 4 o.
Y 27; J 11; C 18; Br 11; Wing L2765; H&L 2947
A selection from Lockes Third letter appears with Ramseys abridgment of
Reasonableness of Christianity, 1958 [ Locke #656]
[91]
[ Barrington, J. S.]
The rights of Protestant dissenters
The second edition corrected and enlargd. With a postscript in
defence of some passages in it, from the exceptions of a
postscript to A second letter to the author of the three letters
for toleration
(1705)
In the postscript to his Second letter, Proast had attacked the
first edition of Barringtons book (1704); in the postscript to
his second edition, Barrington replies and defends Lockes
Letters.
92
Locke, J.
Part of a fourth letter for toleration, &c. // IN:
Posthumous works of Mr. John Locke
(1706) [ Locke #724].
Pages 233-277.
C 19; Br 50
Collected Editions of the Four
Letters concerning Toleration
All four of Lockes letters were included in the 1st edition of his
Works, 1714 [ Locke #848] and appeared in all subsequent editions.
In addition, the four letters on toleration have been published in the following collected editions:
93
Letters concerning toleration. By John Locke.
London, printed for A. Millar, H. Woodfall, J. Whiston and B. White, J. Rivington,
L. Davis and C. Reymers, [and 15 others]. MDCCLXV [1765].
[8], 399, [1] p. + port. 4 o.
Includes the Latin Epistola and the four Letters,
including Popples translation of the Epistola;
edited by Thomas Hollis
and Richard Baron;
the history of this edition is described in R. Blackburne,
Memoirs of Thomas Hollis
(1780).
T 28; J 12; C 99; T 12
94
Letters on toleration / by John Locke.
Bombay : printed by order of the University, at the Education Societys Press,
Byculla, 1867. viii, 548 p.
Text from the 1812 edition of Lockes Works
[ Locke #858].
J 13; C 99
J 14; C 99-100
96
Four letters on toleration / by John Locke.
London : Ward, Lock and Tyler, [1876]. 400 p.
(The Worlds library of standard books)
Reprint of the 1870 edition.
J 15; C 100
Letters concerning toleration.
Italian.
|