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  1695

Printing 94/5: Draft bill for the better regulating of printing   (1695 March 14?)

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke b. 4, f. 77.

Description:   A draft bill in the hand of John Freke, endorsed by Locke “Printing 94/5.”

Although the draft bill bears the title “Byll for the better regulateing of printeing and … printing presses,” the intent of the College was to end licensing. On 11 February, the House of Commons called for a new licensing bill to be prepared and appointed a commitee which included Edward Clarke. Clarke introduced the draft bill on 2 March. A copy of the bill (perhaps this paper) was enclosed in a College letter on 14 March 1695, asking for Locke’s comments. For Locke’s comments, see the following items.

Publications:

1. The correspondence of John Locke / edited by E.S. de Beer. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1976-89. – v. 5:791-795 [Appendix, No. 2]
2. [summary] Political essays / Locke ; edited by Mark Goldie. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1997. – p. 337-338.

Discussions:   De Beer, publication #1 above, p. 785, 791; Goldie, publication #2 above, p. 329-330; R. Astbury, “The renewal of the Licensing Act in 1693 and its lapse in 1695,” The Library 5th series, 33 (1978):296-322.

Printing 94/5: Amendments to the draft bill   (1695 March 18?)

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke b. 4, f. 78.

Description:   Amendments to the draft bill for the better regulating of printing, in Locke’s hand and endorsed “Printing 94/5.” It may have been sent to the College with a lost letter of 18 March 1695.

Publications:

1. The correspondence of John Locke / edited by E.S. de Beer. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1976-89. – v. 5:795-796 [Appendix, No. 3]
2. [summary] Political essays / Locke ; edited by Mark Goldie. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1997. – p. 338-339.

Discussions:   De Beer, publication #1 above, p. 785, 795; Goldie, publication #2 above, p. 329-330; R. Astbury, “The renewal of the Licensing Act in 1693 and its lapse in 1695,” The Library 5th series, 33 (1978):296-322.

Reason[s] of the Commons against reviving the printing act   (1695 March?)

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke b. 4, ff. 79-80 (f. 80 blank).

Description:   A copy of a paper in an unknown hand, endorsed “Reason[s] of the Commons ag^t Reviveing the Printing Act 95.” The paper is printed in the Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 11:305-306.

Publications:   None

Draft addition to Essay IV.xix, Of Enthusiasm   [1695 April?]

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke e. 1, pp. 1-6, 10-29.

Description:   A draft in Locke’s hand for a new chapter for the Essay IV.xix, “Of Enthusiasm,” for inclusion in the 4th ed. (1700). This draft was probably begun before April 1695. The marginal caption ”Enthusiasm” appears on most pages; the following captions are also found: “Misconduct” (p. 1), “Method” (pp. 2, 4), and “Conduct” (p. 2). In the manuscript, the text is interrupted by the draft for Essay IV.iii.6.

Publications:

1. An essay concerning humane understanding. In four books. Written by John Locke, Gent. The fourth edition, with large additions. … London: printed for Awnsham and John Churchil …; and Samuel Manship …, MDCC [1700]. Pages 422-428. [Locke #231]
2. Drafts for the Essay concerning human understanding, and other philosophical writings. Volume 3 / John Locke ; edited by Paul Schuurman. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, forthcoming. – (The Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke)

Discussions:   Schuurman, Introduction to Of the conduct of the understanding (2000), p. 100.

Draft addition to Essay IV.iii.6   [1695 April?]

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke e. 1, pp. 6-10.

Description:   A draft in Locke’s hand for an addition to Essay IV.iii.6, “Of the Extent of Humane Knowledge,” for inclusion in the 4th ed. (1700). This draft was probably written before April 1695.

Publications:

1. An essay concerning humane understanding. In four books. Written by John Locke, Gent. The fourth edition, with large additions. … London: printed for Awnsham and John Churchil …; and Samuel Manship …, MDCC [1700]. Page 324. [Locke #231]
2. Drafts for the Essay concerning human understanding, and other philosophical writings. Volume 3 / John Locke ; edited by Paul Schuurman. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, forthcoming. – (The Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke)

Discussions:   Schuurman, Introduction to Of the conduct of the understanding (2000), p. 100.

Draft addition to Essay II.xxxiii, Of the Association of Ideas   [1695 April?]

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke e. 1, pp. 32-56.

Description:   A draft in Locke’s hand for a new chapter for the Essay II.xxxiii, “Of the Association of Ideas,” for inclusion in the 4th ed. (1700). This draft was probably begun around April 1695. The text is written on the left-hand (verso) pages, with additions and corrections on the right-hand (recto) pages. The marginal caption ”Association” appears on most verso pages.

The portion of the draft from p. 32 through a point on p. 52 was published in the 4th edition of the Essay, which went to press in June or July 1699; in June or July 1701, Locke had his amanuensis William Shaw copy the remaining text (pp. 52-56) to pp. 210-216, where they form a part of the Conduct of the understanding.

Publications:

1. An essay concerning humane understanding. In four books. Written by John Locke, Gent. The fourth edition, with large additions. … London: printed for Awnsham and John Churchil …; and Samuel Manship …, MDCC [1700]. Pages 421-426. [Locke #231]
2. Drafts for the Essay concerning human understanding, and other philosophical writings. Volume 3 / John Locke ; edited by Paul Schuurman. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, forthcoming. – (The Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke)

Discussions:   Schuurman, Introduction to Of the conduct of the understanding (2000), p. 100, 118-120.

Of the Conduct of the Understanding   [1695 April?-1704]

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke e. 1, pp. iv, 1, 56-182, 184-260;
partial restructured text in Bodleian Library, MS. Locke c. 28, ff. 121-138.

Description:   MS. Locke e. 1 includes the draft text for Of the conduct of understanding. Originally considered as a new final chapter (IV.xx) for the 4th ed. of the Essay (1700), Locke left the work incomplete and disorganized at his death, although he had made a partial attempt to reorganize the text (MS. Locke c. 28, ff. 121-130). He left it to his nephew and heir, Peter King, to prepare the work for publication; King made some further attempts at reorganizing the text (MS. Locke c.28, ff. 131-138), but the text published in 1706 (in Posthumous works) followed Locke’s text fairly closely.

Locke perhaps began work on the Conduct as early as April 1695, when he worked on other additions for the 4th edition of the Essay. His work was interrupted by the controversy with Stillingfleet in 1697. By 1699, he had reached p. 184 of MS. Locke e.1; pp. 182-184 interrupt the text of the Conduct with two brief additions for the 4th ed. of the Esssay, which went to press in June or July 1699. Between then and the summer of 1701, he wrote pp. 184-210. The next section, pp. 210-216, was written by Locke’s manservant and amanuensis, William Shaw, who began to work for Locke in June or July 1701. This section consists of a copy by Shaw of material on the association of ideas (pp. 52-56) that was not used in the 4th ed. of the Essay. Locke continued to add additional material (pp. 216-260) for the next several years.

Locke began to work on reorganizing his fragmentary work perhaps as late as January 1704, after the bulk of MS. Locke e. 1 had been completed. The paper preserved in MS. Locke c. 28, ff. 121-138, contains the partial results of this work. At his direction, William Shaw copied portions of MS. Locke e. 1 onto ff. 121-130 of MS. Locke c. 28, forming a chapter entitled “Introduction” and one entitled “Of Reasoning,” with some additions and corrections in Locke’s hand.

As noted above, MS. Locke c. 28, ff. 131-138, were used by a scribe working for Peter King, who attempted further reorganization of the chapters “Of Mathematicks” and “Of Religion.”

A complete description of MS. Locke e. 1 is given on the page for that manuscript. MS. Locke c. 28, ff. 121-138, is made up of 18 sheets of paper, each folded once, to form a total of 36 pages. 8^o (not quired). π 2π A-C D-G². 199 × 160 mm or smaller.

Publications:

1. “Of the conduct of the understanding.” // IN: Posthumous works of Mr. John Locke: … London, printed by W.B. for A. and J. Churchill, 1706. 8^o. Pages 1-137. [Locke #725]. Not printed from these manuscripts, but the text is clearly based on them; the Conduct was often reprinted; all texts except the following are based on the 1705 edition.
2. Of the conduct of the understanding / by John Locke ; edited with a general introduction, historical and philosophical notes and critical apparatus by Paul Schuurman. – Thesis (Ph.D.)—University of Keele, 2000. – p. 149-255. [Locke #760B]. First publication based on the manuscripts described above.
3. The Digital Locke Project / Dr. Paul Schuurman, project director. – Amsterdam : Digital Production Centre of the University Library of the University of Amsterdam, 2006- . – Available at: www.digitallockeproject.nl
4. Drafts for the Essay concerning human understanding, and other philosophical writings. Volume 3 / John Locke ; edited by Paul Schuurman. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, forthcoming. – (The Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke)

Discussions:   Schuurman, Introduction to Of the conduct of the understanding (2000), p. 97-126.

Education 3d Ed: Copys 95   [1696 June?]

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke f. 29, p. 145.

Description:   A list in Locke’s hand of persons to receive presentation copies of the third edition of his Education, captioned “Education 3d Ed: Copys 95.” The book was published around June. The list provides for 25 copies. There is a fair copy of this list, with some differences, in MS. Locke c. 25, f. 53^r (1696 or later).

Publications:

1. John Locke, a descriptive bibliography / Jean S. Yolton. – Bristol, England : Thoemmes Press, 1998. – p. 216.
2. “Distribution lists for copies of Locke’s books and Boyle’s General history of the air” / Mark Goldie. // IN: Locke studies. – 4 (2004):237. [List D1]

Understanding 3d Ed: Copys   [1695 July?]

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke f. 29, p. 33.

Description:   A list in Locke’s hand of persons to receive presentation copies of the third edition of his Essay, appended to the list for the 2nd edition, and captioned “3^d Ed:” The list provides for 2 copies. The book was published around July. There is a fair copy of this list, with an additional name, in MS. Locke c. 25, f. 53^v.

Publications:

1. “Distribution lists for copies of Locke’s books and Boyle’s General history of the air” / Mark Goldie. // IN: Locke studies. – 4 (2004):237. [List E1]

Guineas   (1695 August or September)

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke b. 3, ff. 47-49.

Description:   A draft in Locke’s hand (f. 47) and a copy by Sylvester Brounower (ff. 48-49). The latter is headed “Guineas” and endorsed “Mony 95 A paper written at S^r W^m Trumbulls request and given him Aug. 95 upon occasion of a paper of the L^ds Com^rs of the Treasury submitted to the L^ds Justices 30 Jul. 95.” On July 19, Trumbull had forwarded to Locke a report from the Treasury on the state of the guinea and asked for his comments. Locke’s response here falls short of accepting the need for a recoinage. The substance of the paper was incorporated into Locke’s Further considerations.

A single sheet (f. 47) plus one sheet folded to form 4 pages, 313 × 198 mm.

Publications:

1. Locke on money / John Locke ; edited … by Patrick Hyde Kelly. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1991. — (The Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke). — vol. 2:363-364. – Printed from Brounower’s copy.

Discussions:   Kelly, publication above, p. 26, 137-139.

Early draft of Further considerations   (1695 August or September)

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke b. 3, ff. 50-61.

Description:   An early draft in Locke’s hand for Further considerations concerning raising the value of money. The caption “Mony” appears on ff. 50^r and 60^r; the heading “As to recoining the Money” on f. 55^r; and the endorsement “Money Of raiseing our Coin 90.” The first part (ff. 50-54) was copied by Brounower as “A paper given to Sir William Trumbull” (next item); the second part (ff. 55-61) was copied by Brounower as “Answers to My Lord Keeper’s queries”; f. 61 is a passage deleted in the transcript. Further considerations was rewritten considerably after the publication of Lowndes’s Report, but the substance of the draft was incorporated.

The text is written on letter covers (otherwise blank except for the address), approximately 290 × 190 mm. The pages (typically rectos only) are numbered 1-16, 23.

Publications:   None, but used in Kelly’s transcripts of the “Paper” and the “Answers.”

Discussions:   P.H. Kelly, Locke on money, p. 26-30, 137-141.

A paper given to Sir William Trumbull   (1695 September)

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke b. 3, ff. 64-65.

Description:   Two draft copies in the hand of Sylvester Brounower, with additions and corrections by Locke, of the first part of Locke’s early draft of Further considerations (ff. 50-54), endorsed “Mony 95 A paper given to S^r W^m Trumbull w^ch was written at his request Sept 95.” The paper contains Locke’s proposals for a recoinage. The substance of the paper was incorporated into Locke’s Further considerations.

Fols. 62-63: folded sheet, 312 × 195 mm; ff. 64-65: folded sheet, 315 × 194 mm.

Publications:

1. Locke on money / John Locke ; edited … by Patrick Hyde Kelly. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1991. — (The Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke). — vol. 2:365-373. – Printed from ff. 64-65.

Discussions:   Kelly, publication above, p. 26, 137-139.

Thirteen proposals relating to recoinage   (October 1695)

Location:   Goldsmith’s Library, University of London, MS. 62.

Description:   Official proposals from Houblon, Heathcote, Locke, Wren, Newton, and Wallis, in response to Lowndes’s Report. Locke’s proposal (ff. 14-13) is captioned “Dr. Lock’s proposal about repairing the coyn.” It was read by the Cabinet Council on October 31, 1695.

Publications:

1. [Locke’s proposal:] “John Locke’s proposal about repairing the coin.” // IN: The great recoinage / Ming-Hsun Li (1963). – p. 224-236. [Locke #966]
2. [Printed, with an introduction by Hiroshi Takemoto in] Ōsaka Keidai ronshū. – nos. 134-136 (1980). [Locke #970A; unverified.]

Discussions:   Takemoto (publication #2 above); P.H. Kelly, Locke on money, p. 29-30, 618.

Propositions sent to the Lords Justices   (1695 October)

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke b. 3, ff. 66-69;
copy in Goldsmith’s Library, University of London, MS. 62, ff. 11-13.

Description:   Two draft copies in the hand of Sylvester Brounower, with additions and corrections by Locke, of Locke’s formal proposal for a recoinage, endorsed “Money 95 propositions” (f. 67^v) and “Money sent to y^e L^ds Justices 23 Oct. 95 propositions” (f. 69^v). The substance of the paper was incorporated into Locke’s Further considerations.

The copy in the Goldsmith’s Library is an early 18th-century copy made from the copy submitted, which does not seem to have survived.

Fols. 66-67: folded sheet, 312 × 195 mm; ff. 68-69: folded sheet, 315 × 195 mm.

Publications:

1. Locke on money / John Locke ; edited … by Patrick Hyde Kelly. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1991. — (The Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke). — vol. 2:374-380. – Printed from ff. 68-69.

Discussions:   Kelly, publication above, p. 26, 137-139.

Answers to My Lord Keeper’s queries   (1695 October)

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke b. 3, ff. 70-74;
copy in Goldsmith’s Library, University of London, MS. 62, ff. 14-19.

Description:   Locke’s answers to Lord Keeper Somers’s queries concerning Lowndes’s report. It consists of a cover letter (f. 70) in Locke’s hand, endorsed “Money Answer 30 Oct 95” and a copy by Brounower (ff. 71-74) of the latter part of Locke’s early draft of Further considerations (ff. 55-61), with additions and corrections by Locke, endorsed “Money Answer 30 Oct 95 To my L^d Keepers Q^s.” The substance of the paper was incorporated into Locke’s Further considerations.

The copy in the Goldsmith’s Library is an early 18th-century copy made from the copy submitted, which does not seem to have survived.

Fol. 70: single sheet, 225 × 200 mm; ff. 71-74: two folded sheets, 315 × 195 mm. A-B².

Publications:

1. Locke on money / John Locke ; edited … by Patrick Hyde Kelly. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1991. — (The Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke). — vol. 2:381-397.

Discussions:   Kelly, publication above, p. 29-30, 137-141.

Money Further considerations 95 Copys   [1695 December?]

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke c. 25, f. 52^r.

Description:   A list of persons to receive presentation copies of his Further considerations, endorsed “Money Further considerations 95 Copys.” The book was published in December. The list is in the hand of Lady Masham, with some notes by Locke.

1 sheet, 280 × 87 mm.

Publications:

1. The correspondence of John Locke / edited by E.S. de Beer. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1976-89. – (Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke) – vol. 8:451-452. [list F]
2. John Locke, a descriptive bibliography / Jean S. Yolton. – Bristol, England : Thoemmes Press, 1998. – p. 198-199.

Discussions:   De Beer, “Distribution lists for copies of Locke’s books,” publication #1 above; Yolton, publication #2 above, p. 198-199; Goldie, “Distribution lists for copies of Locke’s books and Boyle’s General history of the air” (2004)

Further considerations … [Presentation copies]   [1695 December?]

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke c. 25, f. 53^r.

Description:   A list in Locke’s hand of persons to receive presentation copies of his Further considerations, in a column headed “Further considerations concerning the raiseing the value of Money 1695 1 Edit,” on a sheet endorsed “Copys 95.” This list appears to be a fair copy, with some changes, of the previous list by Lady Masham.

The manuscript consists of on folded sheet, 310 × 193 mm; this list is in the first column on the first page.

Publications:

1. The correspondence of John Locke / edited by E.S. de Beer. – Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1976-89. – (Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke) – vol. 8:451-452. [list F]
2. John Locke, a descriptive bibliography / Jean S. Yolton. – Bristol, England : Thoemmes Press, 1998. – p. 198-199.

Discussions:   De Beer, “Distribution lists for copies of Locke’s books,” publication #1 above; Yolton, publication #2 above, p. 198-199; Goldie, “Distribution lists for copies of Locke’s books and Boyle’s General history of the air” (2004)

Liberum Arbitrium   [1695]

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke d. 10, p. 95.

Description:   An unsigned note in one of Locke’s commonplace books, with the heading “Liberum Arbitrium 95.” Authorship is uncertain.

Publications:

1. The life of John Locke : with extracts from his correspondence, journals and common-place books / by Lord King. – New ed. – London : H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1830. – v. 2.

Iustitia   (1695)

Location:   Adversaria 1661, p. 24.

Description:   A brief note in Locke&0146;s hand, with the marginal caption “Iustitia” and initialed by Locke and dated [16]95. Goldie gives this note the title “Punitive justice” from the first words of the text.

Publications:

1. [modernized version:] “Justice and the interpretation of Locke’s political theory” / John Dunn. // IN: Political studies. – 16 (1968):82 n.
2. Political essays / Locke ; edited by Mark Goldie. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1997. – p. 339. [Locke #867+].

Unitarian   [1695]

Location:   Bodleian Library, MS. Locke d. 10, p. 177.

Description:   A note in one of Locke’s commonplace books, with the heading “Unitarian.”

Publications:

1. The life of John Locke : with extracts from his correspondence, journals and common-place books / by Lord King. – New ed. – London : H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1830. – v. 2.

Venditio   (1695)

Location:   Adversaria 1661, pp. 268-269.

Description:   A paper written and initialed by Locke, captioned “Venditio” and dated [16]95.

Publications:

1. [modernized version:] “Justice and the interpretation of Locke’s political theory” / John Dunn. // IN: Political studies. – 16 (1968):84-87.
2. Locke on money / John Locke ; edited … by Patrick Hyde Kelly. — Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1991. — (The Clarendon edition of the works of John Locke). — vol. 2:496-500.
3. Political writings / John Locke ; edited and with an introduction by David Wootton. — London ; New York : Penguin Books, 1993. — p. 442-446. [Locke #867+]
4. Political essays / Locke ; edited by Mark Goldie. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1997. – p. 339-343.

Discussions:   Dunn (publication #1 above); Kelly, “Textual introduction” to publication #2 above, p. 149-151.